1 Production Process - overview  Three major stages of production  Preproduction –Planning, research, writing, organizing  Production –Shooting, recording, acting, performing

2 Production Process - overview  Three major stages of production  Postproduction –Editing, fixing, sweetening, copying, evaluating

3 Production Process - Preproduction 1  Cannot just run out and shoot…  Work closely with client throughout  Program idea - from basic to specific  Inspiration - for style & content… be aware, alert, curious…

4 Production Process - Preproduction 1  Goals, purpose of production, audience, outlet (distribution)  Research - background, details  Client history, background, relationship  Budget

5 Production Process - Preproduction 2  Planning - creative ideas, production style, persuasive style, scriptwriting and re-writing, storyboard  Production decisions:  Final budget

6 Production Process - Preproduction 2  Types and sources of music, crew & equipment, locations, talent  Schedule of activities  Time frame, final “deliverables”

7  Key preproduction personnel  Director - overall responsibility for translating script to production  Producer - coordinator, manager of production activities Production Process - Preproduction 3

8  Key preproduction personnel  Scriptwriter  Music coordinator  Post-production supervisor  Client contact (the right person) Production Process - Preproduction 3

9 Production Process - Preproduction 5  Key preproduction personnel  Art director - set design  Lighting director  Floor manager (studio only)  Technical director (studio only)  Small company, small project yields more overlap of duties

10 Production Process - Production 1  Translate idea into program (encode message)  Location or studio shoot (edited or “mixed” live)  Additional footage - cover video, b-roll, 2nd unit  Reshoots  Archival pictures/film/video - source, location

11 Production Process - Production 1  Stock footage - source  Music/score - original, library  Graphics - design & creation  Narration, voice-over - talent, facilities

12 Production Process - Production 2  Key Production Personnel (note - field vs. studio)  Director, assistant director  Producer & assistants/associates  Videographer, Director of Photography (DP) & assistants, camera operators

13 Production Process - Production 2  Key Production Personnel (note - field vs. studio)  Lighting director  Audio director/engineer  Studio: Technical director (TD), floor person (grip), Character Generator (CG), videotape operator, video engineer

14 Production Process - Postproduction (editing) 1  Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, sporting event)  Option 1: live broadcast, no need to “post produce”  Option 2: clean up errors, remove bad language, condense/consolidate, add necessary video/titles/credits, music, etc…

15 Production Process - Postproduction (editing) 1  Multi-camera style (game show, talk show, sporting event)  Option 3: “repurpose” - edit program for a different use

16 Production Process - Postproduction 2  Single camera (“film style”):  Following script select best takes/shots/still photos, etc…combine with audio to create final program  (Note: it’s not that simple, keep reading.)

17  Documentary, news, news magazine example:  Log footage (20, 30, 50:1 shooting ratio) –View footage, write down or digitally store shots you plan to use –Very important step - re-familiarize yourself with what you have, select best shots, quotes Production Process - Postproduction 3

18  Capture footage to computer for digital editing  Identify additional needs - acquire elements  Rough edit in sections  Final edit - transitions, titles, credits, audio sweetening, color correction  Editing - very creative and stimulating, very time consuming and tedious at times. Computer skills a must! Production Process - Postproduction 3

19 Production Process - Postproduction 4  Review by client  Make changes  Formative Evaluation of production with test audience - formal/informal –During process, make changes to program

20 Production Process - Postproduction 4  Final edit  Distribute  Summative Evaluation - evaluate effectiveness of production or campaign in the real world

21 Production Process Summary  All three steps important  Failure to plan is a plan to fail (cliché but true)  Always keep client’s goals, audience effects in mind throughout the process  Part of your job as producer/director is to determine needs, goals, capabilities of client and production team and to educate your clients in the process.