Supervisor's Safety Training Logging Industry

TOPICS of DISCUSSION Legal Responsibilities Role of the Supervisor OSHA Requirements Hazard Assessment Accident Prevention Accident Investigation

SUPERVISORS LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Legal Responsibilities Ethical and moral duty, you have a legal responsibility for safety as a supervisor. Federal law; supervisors can be held criminally liable for serious injury or death of an employee if proved negligent in their duties. Fines/prison time for serious and/or willful violations. *

Job Site Responsibilities Public Roads Power lines Access Paths/Roads

Who’s responsible for sub-contractors ?? Railways SMZ, Water Quality Other areas: Crossover cutting Pollution Gas lines OSHA/Safety Regulations Who’s responsible for sub-contractors ??

SUPERVISORY DUTIES

Role of the Supervisor Responsibilities Training employees Communication skills Set the example Enforce safety rules and safety policies Encourage positive behavior Develop Safety Programs

Responsibilities Shall not willfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health safety or welfare. Shall not place at risk the health or safety of employees. Enforce safety policies and safety rules. Administer or support action taken by employer to comply with state and federal regulations. Correct hazard situations and seek ways to improve safety.

Training requirements: New Employee Orientation General and specific safety rules to be followed Work area and general hazards that may exist Supervisor’s safety expectations Accident/unsafe conditions reporting procedures Job specific training

Weekly / monthly safety meetings Pre-task training Continuous Training Daily safety briefing Weekly / monthly safety meetings Pre-task training On the job safety training Machinery lockout/tagout safety Chainsaw training

OSHA Training requirements Initial Training Lockout/tagout procedures Emergency Evacuation Plan Hazard Communication Personal Protective Equipment

Hazard Material Handling Hearing Conservation Annual Training Fire Prevention Plan Bloodborne Pathogens Hazard Material Handling Hearing Conservation

Communication Skills Communication achieves one of four goals: To get action Inform Convince Entertain Sender Message Receiver What is communication?

Set the Example Follow company rules, policies, and procedures. Always be consistent in your approach. Do not play favoritism with employees. Your actions will always speak louder than words.

Safety Rules and Policies Responsibility Enforcement - must make sure everyone follows safe working procedures. Safety Rules Job specific safety rules for each task in the workplace. Enforceable safety rules that apply to all employees. Require employee commitment in writing. -

Safety Programs Successful safety programs must have the following: Management commitment - Real commitment - Active participation Assignment of Authority - Supervisors provide leadership - Safety committee

Safety programs achieve: Reduce Number of Injuries Reduce Costs Associated with Injuries Average cost of injury $10,000. Indirect cost ~ 50 times direct cost. Insurance cost is reflected in your net profit. Losses are held against employer for 3 years. Reduce Equipment Damage Lost time/productivity, low morale Comply with OSHA Regulations

Logging Safety Statistics Logging injuries are twice as high as other general industry. The number of lost workdays for loggers is three times the average. Each week in the South: 1 logger dies 10 suffer disabilities 100 receive medical treatment

Where Loggers Get Hurt 23% occur getting on and off machinery. 24% occur using chainsaws to fell or limb. 25% occur doing machine maintenance or repairs. 40% occur to workers with less than one year on the job. 41% occur on log decks.

Supervisors look for safety: Are workers exposed to overhead hazards wearing hardhats? Does loader operator avoid swinging boom over other workers? Do deckman maintain a safe distance from the loader? Does feller check for overhead hazards before felling a tree? Are workers operating chainsaws wearing protective chaps? Does feller check for overhead hazards before felling a tree? Are workers a safe distance from trees being felled? Are workers a safe distance from moving skidders and pull logs?

Safety programs - - Focus on Behaviors before Attitudes Unsafe behaviors should be your focus Failure to use PPE, safe guards, and job procedures are concerns that can be corrected. - - Employee attitudes Carelessness, “bad attitude” are not directly observable, hard to change. *

Unsafe behavior or attitude ??

OSHA REQUIREMENTS

OSHA Requirements Effectively implement safety program(s). Enforcement of safety rules. Safety equipment use (PPE, guarding). Correct & report hazards as soon as possible. Document all safety activities. Cooperate with an OSHA officer.

Consultative Services Consultants are available on a request only basis. They will visit a logging site and provide advice on safety programs and required safety standards. Loggers scheduled for consultative review and are not subject to inspection by any other OSHA group. No penalties are assessed, only a commitment by the logger to heed advice and make any recommended changes. Requests are treated on a confidential basis. No information is shared with other OSHA groups.

Hazard Communication Program Written Hazard Communication Plan Inventory of Hazardous materials System of labeling containers Material Safety Data Sheets Employee Training Make written plan readily available to employees

Purpose: Identify and evaluate hazards at the job site. Communicate hazardous materials information to employees.

Hazard material: Any material which may pose a substantial health hazard to humans of the environment when released or spilled into the environment. Effects: Hazards materials can cause measurable changes in the body such as decreased pulmonary function.

Health Hazards are listed in two categories: Acute Hazard Chronic Hazard Acute effects usually occur rapidly as a result of “Short Term” exposure and are of short duration Chronic effects generally occur as a result of “Long Term” exposure and are of a long duration

Label requirements: NAME & ADDRESS OF MANUFACTURER IDENTITY OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS PPE REQUIREMENTS FOR HANDLING MATERIAL APPROPRIATE HAZARD WARNINGS: DANGER WARNING CAUTION

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) The MSDS(s) must be readily available and accessible to employees. Should be kept in a central location in the workplace. Employees must receive initial familiarization training and any time a new material hazard is introduced into the workplace. MSDS(s) must be current and up-to-date. Must be maintained in the workplace for a period of not less than 30 years. *

Bloodborne Pathogens Program Purpose: To provide safe working conditions to protect employees from unnecessary exposure to health hazards. OSHA concern: OSHA estimates 5.6 million workers are at risk to bloodborne pathogens such as human imunodeficiency (HIV) and Hepatitis (HBV).

Supervisor Responsibilities Enforce decontamination and waste control procedures. Recording cases of exposure. Communicating the hazards to employees. Enforce the wear of appropriate PPE. Ensure medical procedures are followed if exposure occurs. *

Lockout/Tagout Program The purpose of lockout/tagout is to prevent energy sources from accidentally being released while a machine or equipment is being serviced. The ultimate goal of lockout/tagout is to protect the safety and health of employees. “Over 70% of all accidents come from improperly applied procedures or non-compliance”

Develop company policy for implementing lockout/tagout procedures Management Responsibilities Develop company policy for implementing lockout/tagout procedures for the control of hazard energy during maintenance operations. Establish written machine-specific procedures to include applying the locks and tags, release, and notification from lockout. Train authorized and affected employees on proper use of procedures.

Supervisors Responsibilities Ensure employees receive initial training on lockout/tagout. Monitor refresher training to keep employees up-to-date. Ensure retraining if job assignments change, new machines, control procedures or modifications occurs. Enforcement of machine-specific procedures to include applying the locks and tags, release, and notification from lockout. Check for shortcuts, mistakes, or unsafe work practices.

Lockout/Tagout #1 Prepare for shutdown Know equipment hazards: ( 7 step process ) #1 Prepare for shutdown Know equipment hazards: Electrical Mechanical Hydraulic Pneumatic Thermal Chemical

#2 Shut down equipment Double check your steps to ensure Use normal shutdown procedure. Turn all switches to OFF. Double check your steps to ensure shutdown procedures are complete.

“Coast Down Time” (most over-looked hazard) #3 Isolate all energy sources Shut control valves. Open electrical breakers and disconnects. Disconnect battery Disable all sources of energy: do not over look air & hydraulics. “Coast Down Time” (most over-looked hazard)

Examples requiring energy isolation:

#4 Install Locks and Tags Valves and electrical disconnects. Lock and tag blank flanges. Block or disconnect air/hydraulic lines.

#5 Release or block stored energy Discharge capacitors Block or release springs Stop rotating flywheels Drain fluids Block elevated parts Relieve system pressure Allow moving part to completely stop before continuing !!

#6 Verify equipment isolation Check locking devices securely placed. Attempt normal startup. Return Controls to OFF/Neutral.

#7 Release from LOTO Inspect Area and Equipment. Machine Guards in position. Account for tools and parts. Inform others of startup. Remove Locks & Tags. Restore equipment to normal and conduct normal startup.

Additional lockout/tagout requirements: Conduct annual audits to validate effectiveness of the lockout/tagout procedures Review procedures annually or when required, especially after an accident has occurred. Maintain an equipment survey that list the equipment required to have lockout/tagout procedures, type(s) of energy sources, and magnitude of energy. *

Warning signs you may see:

Accidents you may see:

From finger(s) to complete hand.

Do you enforce lockout/tagout ?? This worker wished his supervisor had. 3rd degree burns….failure to deplete hydraulic pressure -- line ruptured.

Powered Mobile Equipment

Operators are required to trained prior to operating any mobile equipment. Training requirements: Equipment specific operating procedures. Proper lifting and transporting of loads. Jobsite safety operating procedures.

Supervisors responsibilities: Ensure employees are properly trained prior to operating mobile equipment Ensure pre-start inspection is conducted. Observe lift operators performance -- correct unsafe acts. Enforce company safety rules *

Was this driver properly trained ??

HAZARD ASSESSMENT

Hazard Assessment Employers must complete a Hazard Assessment of the work site to determine hazards and the required Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE).

Hazard Assessment Determines engineering requirements to ensure specific hazards are resolved. Determines Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) required to perform specific jobs. Companies must documented that a hazard assessment has been conducted.

TYPES of HAZARDS Pinch-points Welding gases Noise Hydraulics Electrical Belt/pulleys Slip and Fall areas Impacts Chemical Solvents Compressed Air Radiation Pneumatic Harmful Dust Penetration Cutting Chain/sprockets Thermal Elevated work areas

Hazard Assessment Form

Five Key Components of Job Safety Analysis Determine which steps to analyze. Break the task into steps. Identify the hazards. Identify solutions and control of hazard(s). Personal Protective Equipment requirements. *

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Special equipment or clothing worn for occupational Protection against biological, chemical or physical hazards. Occupational hazards shall be controlled through engineering or administrative controls. PPE shall be the last choice for control of a hazard. PPE shall be provided to employees at the employers expense.

Personal Protective Equipment (continued) Hand Protection Respiratory Protection Clothing Safety Shoes Chain Saw Chaps Hearing Protection Fall Protection Hard Hats Eye Protection *

Chainsaw Operations

Chain saw operators must wear leg protection constructed with cut-resistant material. Leg protection must extend from the upper thigh down to the boot top and adequately cover the leg. Must wear hard hat with face screen protection. Must wear cut resistant footware. Should wear proper hearing protection.

Chainsaw safety rules: Inspect chainsaw prior to performing cutting operations. Proper carrying technique. Inspection of starting site and cutting area. Plan an escape route prior to cutting. Properly start chainsaw. Never saw above shoulder level. Proper open-faced cuts and back cuts.

Proper Open Face Cut ??

Chain Saw Accidents

The facts…………Chainsaws will cause bodily harm !!

Still not convinced………...

Hearing Conservation Program Allowable noise exposure for employees is 85 decibels per eight-hour period. Most machinery used in the logging industry ranges from 90 - 110 decibels.

Program requirements: Determine if program is required Audiometric test will determine noise levels. Audiometric Testing Sets baseline, determines employee's hearing threshold. Used annually to determine hearing loss. Hearing Protection Employer must provide hearing protection and train on proper wear. Record-keeping OSHA standards require written documentation. Keep employee test results, sound level measurements and training records. Medical records must be kept for 30 years. *

Welding Operations

Welding Requirements Company must establish safety procedures for welding, brazing, cutting or other hot work operations performed in areas other than permanent welding shops or booths. Pertains to all company locations. Outside contractors, as well as employees, must adhere to these procedures in order to guard against fire and other hazards normally present by welding and cutting operations.

Hot Works Permit requirements Each “hot work” job must have a permit, which must remain at the site throughout the job. An authorized supervisor must sign the permit. Retaining records of permits is optional.

PERMIT MUST BE MAINTAINED AT SITE OF WELDING OPERATIONS Date:___/___/___ Welding Location: ______________________________________________________________________________. Work being accomplished: _______________________________________________________________________________________. Start Time: ___________ Completion Time : ____________ ____________________________________________ Signed Welder Signed Fire Guard Signed Authorizing Official This permit expire on: ___/____/____ (Date) In case of fire call _______ or sound fire alarm located ______________. PERMIT MUST BE MAINTAINED AT SITE OF WELDING OPERATIONS HOT WORKS PERMIT

Authorizing Supervisor Signs permit only after completion of the following: Inspection of immediate area involved for hazards. Certification: ensure welding personnel have been properly trained to operate welding equipment. Fire watch is required whenever welding is performed outside of a fixed welding shop. Fire watch must be maintained for 30 minutes after welding or cutting operations cease at all locations. Combustible materials must be at least 35 feet away from welding operations.

Welding Safety Precautions Check for hazardous/explosive materials that may be present at welding site. sprinklers fire extinguishers water hoses Insure fire protection equipment is available and operational: Adequate ventilation is required. Place signs, ropes, or warning devices to protect other employees in the area. Barriers, screens or equivalent protection shall be provided to protect other employees from eye injury due to welding.

Welding is serious business Welding near combustibles Glove caught on fire

Be aware of flammable or explosive conditions prior to performing operations Check out all welding equipment (hoses, cables, etc.) for any damage or leaks. Clean the area up and remove combustibles and trash at least 35 feet away. Thoroughly wet the area up to 35 feet for combustible materials such as saw dust, chips, wood floors, etc, Have a water hose or adequate fire extinguisher nearby in case of fire. Do not weld standing in standing water or rain – danger of electrical shock. Check walls, crevices, hidden areas, under equipment, or any other place where sparks could roll. Properly dispose of spent welding rods. Keep a Fire Watch for 30 minutes after welding ceases. Notify your Supervisor once you complete all the above items. WELDING CHECKLIST *

ACCIDENT REPORTING & PREVENTION

Accident Reporting If an injury or illness occurs at work: “REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY” “ Every job related injury or illness must be reported to supervisor as soon as possible.

Injury and Illness Incident Report 4 OSHA Form 301: Injury and Illness Incident Report 4 Replaces Form 101: Supplementary Record of Occupational Injuries & Illnesses 4 Includes more data about how injury or illness occurred 4 OSHA Form 300A: Summary of Work-related Injuries and Illnesses

Accident Investigation Accidents are investigated, not to find fault or to blame, but to find out the Root Cause. Get the who, what, when, where &……... why. Careless acts should be considered as preventable … implement safety precautions. Develop a plan for preventing the accident in the future.

Preventing Accidents of workers: PLAN - Each job or task assigned Supervisors are responsible for Four things to ensure safety of workers: PLAN - Each job or task assigned ORGANIZE - Each job or task assigned DIRECT - Train the employees who will do the job or task. CONTROL - Ensure that the job or task is conducted with the highest degree of quality, safety, & productivity.

Planning Each job, task or operation must be planned. Planning includes: What resources are needed to do the job. What training is required to do the job. What hazards are present in the task? How can hazards be eliminated or controlled?

Organizing . Organizing is the act of ensuring that all RESOURCES necessary to do the job safely are: Available Proper (size, type) In good (safe) condition Organizing also means getting the cooperation you need from others to effectively implement your plan. Organization should be in written form, not “in your head.”

Directing Directing the job or task is making sure your plan is going as designed. Making sure all employees are properly trained to perform the task. Assessing tasks for safety and productivity. Conduct safety meeting to bring safety concerns, new procedures or policies to employees attention.

Controlling Controlling your plan enables you make adjustments as required. Train others to over see and enforce set job standards. Reassess job resources. Have job requirements changed? Continually observe for unsafe acts and conditions. Take immediate corrective action Take action to prevent recurrence Treat the cause Lack of Training Lack of Resources Lack of Job Interest

Safety Observation Report SOR is a tool to identify and document unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Seeks out actions more than conditions. Allows both supervisor and employee to document safety concerns. Helps indicate the Indirect Cause of accidents. Resources and training can be focused on area of deficiency.

Areas of Concern Supervising for Safety SAFETY OBSERVATION REPORT PRODUCTIVITY SAFETY QUALITY Supervising for Safety Areas of Concern Date: ____________ Time: ______________ Observation: __________________________________________________________________________________ Observer: _______________________________ Action Taken:____________________________ Immediate Corrective Action: _______________ _________________________________________ Cause: __________________________________ Corrective Action: ________________________ _________________________________________ Signature: ______________________________________ SAFETY OBSERVATION REPORT Training Employee did not understand Safety Procedure. Employee not trained to do task Training was not frequent enough, employee had forgotten procedures Employee received no job specific training. Employee did not follow supervisor’s instructions. Lack of Resources Task was not planned correctly. Equipment damaged or defective. Not enough people provided/available to carry the task out safely. Employee Work Habits I. Employee too lazy. J. Employee did not believe they could get hurt. K. Employee had bad attitude towards safety. L. Employee taking shortcuts.

Returning a previously injured employee back to work consider the following: Job Engineering Light duty jobs Retrain Part time

Summary Legal Responsibilities Role of the Supervisor OSHA Requirements Hazard Assessment Accident Prevention Accident Investigation

8 Loss Control Field Reps Field reps also, carry variety of safety equipment that is readily available to our policyholders. 2 Specialized Trainers Chainsaw trainer for on-site and felling tree training. Sawmill / Mfg. trainer for on-site OSHA compliance assistance. Visit their website at www.forestrymutual.com Additional Logger Services: Other lines of Insurance On-Site Job Layout Analysis On-Site Loss Control Assistance On-Site Safety Meetings