Canada Chapter

Canada Essential Questions- What was the result of the interaction between the British and French in Canada? How did the French and English colonize Canada? How did life change for indigenous people in Canada when colonizers settled? What led Canada to independence? What 20 th Century events led to Quebec’s independence movement?

Exploring Canada Section 1 – Ontario and Quebec Francophone – People who live in Quebec and speak French as their first language Separatist – People who wanted Quebec to break away from Canada in 1976 Quiet Revolution – The separatists formed their own political party and took control of the Quebec government in 1960 Referendum – An issue in which voters cast ballots for or against

Exploring Canada Cultural Exchange – An exchange of people, customs, language, etc between two countries. Ethnic Group – A group of people within society that share physical and cultural chartacteristics.

Exploring Canada Dominion – A self governing nation under the control of Great Britain Commonwealth – A self governing nation under the control of the US Parliament – The national legislature of various countries especially that of the UK. Prime Minister – the leader of Parliament.

Exploring Canada

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History The French and British signed a peace treaty which gave Great Britain the Hudson Bay area and France the area in the SE corner they called Acadia. Both countries were interested in the fur trade and the land.

North America 1783

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History 1754 – The Seven Years War (the French and Indian War) British win the Battle of Quebec in 1759 and in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris the British won complete control of Canada Quebec Act – Gave French people in Canada the right to speak French and practice their religion. After the American Revolution, some Americans were British loyalists and went to Canada. They divided Canada into two areas…Ontario and Quebec

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History 1812 – During the War of 1812 the British and French worked together to keep Americans out of Canada – French Canadian Louis Papineau and British Canadian William MacKenzie lead a rebellion against British rule. Both rebellions were defeated.

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History 1864 – Fearing more trouble, the British seek to keep peace in Canada. The leaders of each province: Ontario (upper), Quebec (lower), Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward, and New Brunswick meet to form a “dominion” called Canada July 1, 1867 – The British Parliament accepts the Canadian plan.

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History During WWI and WWII Canada is still under British control and sends troops to the war. They help so much they become recognized as a world power. After WWII the British factories are in ruin so Canada steps up production and soon Canada becomes the 4 th largest industrialized nation – The Quiet Revolution. This was a period in Quebec’s history where the French people were looking for change in their government. They had been ruled by the British and changed their government by election. The French people ran for office and won! They immediately started to change everything to French which upset the English speaking people in Quebec. This begins the bilingual movement.

1976 – Some of the French Canadians (also known as Francophones) have become separatists. They want to break Quebec away and form their own country. They have attempted to do this by referendum. It has been unsuccessful so far but they say it will continue – A new constitution is written recognizing French culture and freedom from Britain forming a constitutional monarchy. By constitution Canada is bilingual.

Chapter 5 – Shaped by History Time Line 1713 – France and Britain’s first treaty 1754 – Seven Years War 1759 – Battle of Quebec 1763 – Treaty of Paris I 1783 – Treaty of Paris II 1812 – War of – Canadian Revolution 1867 – British North American Act (Canadian Independence Day July 1) 1890 – Gold in the Yukon 1914 – WWI 1939 – WWII 1982 – New Canadian constitution

Exploring Canada Essential Questions 1. What are the strategies the nations use to solve the problems of pollution? 2. How do location, climate, and natural resources affect the lives of the people in that region? 3. How does literacy rate affect a nation’s development? 4. How does Canada’s relationship with the UK effect it’s government structure ?

Exploring Canada 5. How does Canada benefit from trade? 6. What negative impact do trade barriers have on Canada? 7. What is the purpose of trade blocs? 8. How do investments of human capital, capital goods and the role of natural resources influence economic growth?

Exploring Canada Fossil Fuel Acid Rain Clear-cut – Cutting down all the trees in an area Tariff – A fee charged on things imported into a country-viewed as a barrier to trade. Free Trade – the elimination of tariffs NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement…free trade amongst the US, Canada, and Mexico

Exploring Canada Industrialization – when you go from making things by hand to making things by machine. Extraction – removal Literacy – the ability to read and write Timber – wood Natural resources – A material source of wealth that occurs in a natural state and has value.

Exploring Canada Interdependent – An association between two or more things. Trade Barriers NAFTA, FTAA Import Export Free Trade Trade Bloc – A trade area formed by one or more trade agreements.

Exploring Canada Tariffs Scarcity Poverty Command, Market, Mixed, Traditional Entrepreneur Investment – RISK! Human capital - employees Capital Goods – goods used to produce consumer goods.

Exploring Canada Canada and the US are partners in the environment. We have signed treaties to keep control of clear-cutting, acid rain and pollution of the waters that we share. We also share economically. The St. Lawrence Seaway was a cooperative effort between the US and Canada to get goods through to the Atlantic Ocean. We are each others biggest trading partners. ¾ of Canada’s trade is with the US. We are interdependent NAFTA

The St. Lawrence Seaway