1. History of Canada Notes Part II: Canada’s Independence

2. New Brunswick American Revolution exiles move to Nova Scotia 1784 Britain created province of New Brunswick for exiles

3. Quebec Act Other loyalist moved to Quebec Cultural differences 1774 Quebec Act- French Canadians allowed Catholic religion and French civil law British Upper Canada and French Lower Canada

4. War of 1812 French and British worked together against invading US Draw; defined US-Canadian border & increased a sense of Canadian nationalism Unity

5. After the War of 1812 French Canadians & British Canadians realized that they hated being under British rule Great Britain too far away to understand economic & political needs

6. Province of Canada 1837—Canadians began to rebel against British control Britain sent a government reformer to examine the Canadian problem Economic need to unify 1841—Upper & Lower Canada were united, establishing the Province of Canada

7. British North America Act (1867) 1867-British North America Act: created a federation union of Canada Joined four colonies (Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, & Nova Scotia) unifying constitution - Britain accepted; rid of the responsibility of protecting the colonies (expensive)

9. Results of the British North America Act Easier to sell goods to one another Improved trade helped the economy Enough money to build a railroad across the country Transcontinental Railroad was built in 1886; easily travel from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean

11. Expanding Canada Leaders desired to expand the new country from the Atlantic to the Pacific Bought land from the Hudson’s Bay Company Thought the purchase would be a simple process, but problems occurred with the native peoples

12. Expanding Canada First Nations (Inuit) agreed to relocate to reservations (now Nunavut) Transcontinental Railroad was built on this land 3 new provinces & 1 territory were created: Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and the Northwest Territories

13. Canada 1886

14. Results of the Railroad: Increased shipment of goods across the country Increased travel from coast to coast Created new provinces & territories Birth of Canadian nationalism

15. Transcontinental Railroad

16. Yukon GOLD was discovered along the western coast of Canada in 1896 Canada’s government created Yukon territory in 1898 to meet the needs of the area’s growing population

18. Saskatchewan & Alberta (1905) Originally part of Northwest Territories, many people wanted this to change Reason 1: economy had shifted from fur trade to farming, mining, logging & railway Reason 2: population grew quickly because of the new industries Reason 3: area could not afford everything people needed (schools) Collect taxes to pay for these things.

19. Farming Oats in Alberta--1911

20. Newfoundland (1949) Newfoundland joined the country of Canada because: Canada promised to help them by building many things such as railroads & roads Britain didn’t want the cost of supporting Newfoundland anymore.

21. Nunavut (1999) In the 1970s, Inuit wanted to create a territory called Nunavut because: Wanted their own territory so that they could start making decisions for themselves. They needed their own government. Wanted control of their land—for many years Canada had used the resources of the Arctic without asking the Inuit

23. Nunavut