I- Scientific Method: Logical method used by scientist

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Presentation transcript:

I- Scientific Method: Logical method used by scientist to solve a problem. A- Steps of Scientific Method: 1- Make an observation 2- Identify the problem 3- Form Hypothesis (educated guess or prediction) an idea that attempts to explain the problem

4. Form an experiment to test hypothesis: a. Controlled experiment consist of two set ups ~ Control part of experiment that is constant in both setups. ~ Independent Variable: is the condition that is change or manipulated.

~ Dependent Variable: is the response to the independent variable. ~ Data : collected as you conduct experiment (recorded observations) ~ Qualitative = descriptions ~ Quantitative= measurements 5. Analyze data 6. Draw a conclusion based on your data, is your hypothesis correct?

Metric Measurement

I- The Metric System or SI based on the number ten. A- The first type of measure is Length = the distance from one point to another. The meter is the basic unit of length.

Factor Word Thousands Hundreds Tens Basic unit Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Factor Number 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 Prefix kilo- hecto- deca- Meter Gram Liter deci- centi- milli- Symbol k h da d c m

volume = the amount of space an object takes up. Two Types: B- Volume Measurement volume = the amount of space an object takes up. Two Types: (1) solid volume (regular and irregular) (2) fluid (liquid and gas) volume

a-Volumes of Regular Solids BOX or RECTANGLE Then the formula V= L X W X H is used to determine the volume.

b-Volumes of Irregular Solids Use the principle of liquid displacement. Fill an overflow container with water. Place a graduated cylinder under spout. Place object in container. Measure amount of water in graduated cylinder.

Fig. 1. Before placing the solid in the graduated cylinder Fig. 1. Before placing the solid in the graduated cylinder Fig. 2. After placing the solid in the graduated cylinder

c-Measurement of Fluid Volumes The graduated cylinder is used measuring liquid volume. The liter (l) is the metric unit. Solids is the cubic centimeter(cm3) (Other metric units of volume that are more often associated with volumes of which is equal to a milliliter.)

Meniscus = The curve seen at the liquid's surface. Read the scale at the lowest part.

Mass = Amount of matter that an object is made of. C- Mass Measurement Mass = Amount of matter that an object is made of. Instrument =Triple Beam Balance. Measured in grams. Remains constant everywhere on Earth.

D-Density = amount of mass in a given volume. Density is measured in g/cm3 Water = 1.0g/cm3 The density of a substance is always the same. (at a given pressure and temperature regardless of the size of the sample of the substance).

We can calculate density using the formula: Density= Mass/Volume or Where d = density m mass v volume Where d = Dumb m Mr v V

Block I Mass = 79.4 grams Volume=29.8 cubic cm. Block II: Mass= 25.4 grams Volume=29.8 cubic cm.

Solve for density Solve for mass Solve for volume