Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 The Language Of Medicine 9 th edition Davi-Ellen Chabner

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Chapter 22 Psychiatry

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Chapter Goals  Differentiate among a psychiatrist, a psychologist, and other mental health specialists.  Learn of tests used by clinical psychologists to evaluate a patient’s mental health and intelligence.  Define terms that describe major psychiatric disorders.

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Chapter Goals (cont’d)  Identify terms that describe psychiatric symptoms.  Compare different types of therapy for psychiatric disorders.  Learn the categories and names of common psychiatric drugs.

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Chapter Goals (cont’d)  Define combining forms, suffixes, prefixes, and abbreviations related to psychiatry.  Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Chapter 22 Lesson 22.1

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness. Introduction  psychiatrist  psychologist  clinical psychologist

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Tools Used by Psychiatrists  psychotherapy  psychoanalysis  drug therapy

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Tools Used by Clinical Psychologists  psychotherapy  psychoanalysis  intelligence tests  mental processing tests  memory tests  personality tests

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Abnormalities in behavior evident to examining health professionals Psychiatric Clinical Symptoms  amnesia  anxiety  apathy  autistic thought  compulsion  conversion  delusion  dissociation  dysphoria  euphoria  hallucination  labile  mania  mutism  obsession  paranoia

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Psychiatric Disorders  Sigmund Freud and personality structure:  id  ego  superego  Defense mechanisms

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Psychiatric Disorders (cont’d)  anxiety disorders  delirium and dementia  dissociative disorders  eating disorders  mood disorders  personality disorders

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior Anxiety Disorders  Phobic disorders: agoraphobia, acrophobia, claustrophobia, zoophobia  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): recurrent thoughts, repetitive acts, rituals  Post-traumatic stress disorder: fear, helplessness,insomnia,nightmares

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Disorders of abnormal cognition (thinking, perception, reasoning, judgment) Delirium and Dementia  Delirium: mental confusion, incoherent speech, sensory misperception, disorientation, memory impairment  Dementia: gradual loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of judgment, memory, abstract thinking, and personality

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Chronic or sudden disturbances of memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment not caused by brain damage or drugs. Dissociative Disorders  Dissociative identity disorder: two personalities take over  Dissociative amnesia: memory loss of personal information  Dissociative fugue: sudden unexpected travel

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Eating Disorders  Anorexia nervosa: refusal to maintain body weight, conscious relentless attempt to diet, excessive overactivity and exercise  Bulimia: binge and purge eating using vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Prolonged emotion that dominates a person’s entire mental life Mood Disorders  Bipolar disorder: alternating manic and depressive episodes  Cyclothymic disorder: mild bipolar with at least 2 years of hypomania and numerous depressive episodes  Depressive disorder: major depression, severe dysphoria  Dysthymic disorder  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Impaired ways of thinking and relating to and perceiving the environment and self, leading to conflict, distress, and inflexibility  Antisocial  Borderline  Histrionic  Narcissistic  Paranoid  Schizoid Personality Disorders

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Chapter 22 Lesson 22.2

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Pervasive Developmental Disorders  Autism  Asperger syndrome

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Psychiatric Disorders  Schizophrenia  Sexual and gender identity disorders  Somatoform disorders  Substance-related disorders

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Withdrawal from reality into a world of disorganized thinking and conflict Schizophrenia  Delusions  Hallucinations  Disorganized thinking  Flat affect  Social withdrawal  Catatonic and paranoid types

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23 A gender identity disorder is a strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex (cross-dressing and cross-sex roles, fantasies of being the gender other than the person is). Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders  Sexual masochism  Sexual sadism  Transvestic fetishism  Voyeurism  Exhibitionism  Fetishism  Pedophilia

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms Somatoform Disorders  Conversion disorder: Repressed conflicts expressed as physical symptoms  Hypochondriasis: Preoccupation with bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Substance-Related Disorders  Psychological Dependence: Compulsion to take drug despite adverse consequences  Physical Dependence: Withdrawal when drug is abruptly discontinued  Tolerance: Declining effect of drug so dose must increase

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Substances Associated with Abuse  Alcohol  Amphetamines  Cannabis (marijuana)  Cocaine  Hallucinogens  Opioids  Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Chapter 22 Lesson 22.3

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Therapeutic Terminology  Psychotherapy  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)  Drug therapy

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Psychotherapy  Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)  Family therapy  Group therapy  Hypnosis  Insight-oriented psychotherapy  Play therapy  Psychoanalysis  Sex therapy  Supportive psychotherapy

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Drug Therapies and Specific Drugs

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31 COMBINING FORMS  anxi/ouneasy, anxious  autoself  hallucin/ohallucination  hypn/osleep  iatr/otreatment  ment/omind  neur/onerve Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes, and Terminology Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Combining FormMeaning Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes, and Terminology COMBINING FORMS  phil/oattraction to, love  phren/omind  psych/omind  schiz/osplit  somat/obody

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33 SuffixMeaning Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes, and Terminology SUFFIXES  -genicproduced by  -lepticto seize hold of  -maniaobsessive  -phobiafear  -phoriafeeling  -thymiamind

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34 PREFIXES  -a-, an-no, not  bi-two  cata-down  hypo-deficient, less than  para-abnormal PrefixMeaning Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes, and Terminology

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35 QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 1.Fear of strangers is_______. A.kleptomania B.agoraphobia C.xenophobia D.pyromania

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Which of these health professionals has an MD? A.psychologist B.psychiatrist C.clinical psychologist QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved An uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly is __________. A.delusion B.compulsion C.dissociation D.amnesia QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)