Population-Revision 27/09/2010

What is the difference between Population distribution and Population density? Copy this slide Distribution describes where the people are in the World. Density describes how many people are in a particular area (km2).

What factors effect population distribution and density?

Population per km2 over 150 10-150 Under 10 UK Popn

UK popn + relief

Factors affecting population distribution Copy this slide Climate Relief Factors affecting population distribution Economic Activities Soil Technological Development Resources Communications

World Population Density

Glossary Copy this slide Population distribution Population density Environmental factors Physical factors Human factors Positive factors Negative factors Pattern of where people live How many people per km2 Changeable/natural things about the place (climate, soils etc) Unchangeable things about the landscape Features influenced by humans These attract people These are avoided by people

Population Statistics

Important statistics Birth Rate Natural Increase Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy Death Rate

Birth Rate by Country (per 1000 population)

Death Rate by Country (per 1000 population)

Infant mortality rate (per 1000 babies)

Good Place to live Bad Central Scotland Antarctica Sahara Himalayas Amazon Rockie Mountains Japan Shetland London Cairngorms Iraq

Clips from BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/uk-population-distribution/7329.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/where-in-the-world-do-people-live/532.html

The Demographic Transition Model

The Demographic Transition Model This is a model devised to show and explain changes in the population pattern over time. There are 5 stages in the model: High Stationary Early expanding Late expanding Low stationary Declining.

Demographic Transition Model

BBC clips Changes in mortality rates The outbreak of Cholera in Manchester A government information film from 1946 illustrating the progress being made in improving public health.

World Population Increase

Recap. Name 2 physical factors that effect population distribution. Name a country that is very densely populated. What is the definition of birth rate? What is the definition of death rate? Birth rate – death rate = ?

Recap Answers. Relief, climate, water supply, etc. India, China. The number of births in a country in a year, per 1000 people. The number of deaths in a country in a year, per 1000 people. Birth rate – death rate = Natural increase

World population Increase

BBC Clips World population increase? Germany population decrease

Population Pyramids

Differences between ELDCs and EMDCs ELDCs: Economically Less Developed Countries. EMDCs: Economically More Developed Countries.

ELDC’s and EMDC’s

Why the difference in population?

Paired work: statement sort The statements you have been given need to be sorted out in to categories. Your categories are: Changes in a Developed population. Changes in a Developing population. Write these two headings, one on each sheet of A4 paper. Cut out and put the statements under the correct heading. Once you have checked your answers stick them in place.

Implications of falling birth rates in Developed countries. Fewer young people reduces the size of the available work force. More older people need to be cared for due to increased life expectancy. Increasing need for medical care and care homes for elderly people. Taxes on the working population need to increase. The retirement age is increased Government money is diverted from other areas of the economy.

Implications of rising birth rates and falling death rates in Developing Countries. Overpopulation. Not enough food to meet the demands of a growing population. Inadequate housing for the population, particularly in cities and towns. Slums and shanty towns are common. These areas often lack basic facilities like clean water and electricity. High unemployment rates, widespread poverty, lack of government aid. Lack of health care and education. Increased migration.

Solutions EMDC soultions. More paternity leave to encourage couples to have more children Raise retirement age, reduce pensions. Encourage people to take out private pension schemes. Encourage more women to work. Allow in more immigrants.

Solutions ELDC soultions. Laws limiting family size e.g. one-child policy in China. More information given out about family planning and contraception. Better education. More opportunities for abortions Incentives for people with smaller families.

Migration

What is migration? Migration = The movement of people from one place to another.

Migration Migration has always happened. Increased migration between countries due to cheaper transport. How Victorian industrialisation drew large numbers of people away from working the land, into working in towns and factories.

Copy this slide Types of Migration Voluntary migration: where people move of there own free will. Forced migration: where people have no choice they must move. Permanent migration: people move forever, find a new place to live. Temporary migration: there is always intentions to come home again (not forever).

Push and Pull factors Push factors: pushing people away from an area. Pull factors: pulling people towards an area. Task: Sort the following into push and pull factors: Lack of jobs Access to health services No schools No access to clean water Housing Bright lights / entertainment

BBC clips Push and Pull factors Why do people leave the countryside?

Population Census

COUNTING THE POPULATION You should be able to: Describe methods of acquiring data. Explain why it is important to collect information about populations. Give examples of difficulties faced by those in charge of conducting the census. 41

WHAT IS A CENSUS? Carried out every 10 years April One form per household Legal obligation to complete Range of questions Government usually puts a lot of money into publicity to encourage people to complete and return ASAP 42

COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001 What would you like to find out in a Census? Age Sex Religion Occupation Number of children, etc. Why do we collect this data and how is it used? 43

SCOTTISH CENSUS What it looks like

CENSUS PUBLICITY 45

COUNT ME IN – CENSUS 2001 UK Population 58,789,194 Scotland = 5,062,011 Scotland’s population has dropped by 2% over the last 20 years 1st time ever – more over 60s than under 16s 46

DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA Expensive process Nomadic people hard to track down Illegal immigrants Social and religious reasons for inaccurate responses People may be untruthful – UK Poll Tax, China One Child Policy etc. 47

DIFFICULTIES COLLECTING CENSUS DATA Illiteracy – unable to fill in paperwork Many languages in some ELDCs – complicated and adds to expense Internal migration – hard to keep tabs on people Poor internal communication structures Difficult terraine, war, distrust of official 48