Trading States of East Africa Chapter 10 Section 2

Key Terms Ezana Ge’ez Lalibela Swahili

Aksum and Ethiopia Grew in 1st century Located present day Ethiopia Askum controlled the Red Sea Most powerful kingdom in East Africa

The Rise of Askum Descendants from Arabia Two main cities Adulis Kingdom from Ethiopian Highlands to the Red Sea Well suited for agriculture

The Rise of Askum Ideal for trade Access to Indian Ocean Attracted traders from Africa’s interior India, Persia, Egypt Brought gold, frankincense, ivory, enslaved Africans Exchanged goods for cloth and spices

Askum at its Height Wealthy Strong military power King Ezana- 320 reached its height Collected tribute from other leaders Attacked and defeated Kush Askum greatest power in East Africa

Culture of Askum Diverse culture 300’s Christianity Stelae- stone monument with Erzana’s promise Ge’ez- the written and spoken language of Askum One of first written languages

Culture of Askum Still used in Ethiopian ceremonies First to mint own coins

The Decline of Askum 600’s Askum declines Area became Muslim and Christian Muslims destroyed Adulis Helped shape Ethiopian history

Ethiopia 1100’s Ethiopia is established Zagwe dynasty King Lalibela- ruled during 1200’2 Built 11 stone Christian churches Carved out of solid rock Christianity unified Ethiopians

Ethiopia 1270 second dynasty of Christians “Glory of the Kings” Claimed to be descendants of Hebrew King Solomon and Queen of Sheba Solomonid Dynasty Fought religious wars Ruled for 700 years to 1974

Ethiopia Jews called Beta Jews lived there 1400 Christian Kings fought Beta Jews Muslim Arabs called Kingdom of Adal 1300’s Muslim and Christian came into conflict

Coastal City-States East coast drew traders Indian Ocean and Monsoons winds Blew from India to Africa between November and March April to October they reverse Zanj- eastern Africa

Coastal City-States Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa, and Sofala Linked oversea traders with interior Africa Africa traded raw materials for other goods Ivory highly prized Gold from southern Africa

Coastal City-States Enslaved Africans from the interior are sold Sent to Asia as domestic servants Would increase after Europeans Reached peak 1300-1400 Kilwa’s power increased because of trade

Swahili Muslim, Arabs, Asians settled in the city-states Groups intermarried Swahili-blending of Bantu and Arab words Islam gained a hold on coastal states Mosques appeared in towns

Great Zimbabwe Shoana people 1100’s Great Zimbabwe Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers Now part of Zimbabwe Lay along trade routes Interior mines to city-states on the coast

The Great Enclosure Zimbabwe means stone houses Great enclosures-35 feet high 180 feet long No mortar Used as astronomical observatory

The Mutapa Empire Great Zimbawe had 18,000 people 1400’s abandoned the area 1500’s in ruins Mutupa Empire Based on oral tradition Mutota founder

The Mutapa Empire 1400’s gained control of surrounding territory Called master pillager Mwene Mutapa 1500 controlled Zimbabwe Exported gold Controlled trade through its territory