1. Chapter 15 Section 3

2. Swahili Great Zimbabwe Mutapa

3. 1100 waves of Bantu speaking people migrated across central Africa Established fishing and farming villages Muslim Arab and Persian traders settled in port cities Swahili-mix of Bantu and Arabic

4. 1331 Battuta visited Kilwa Admired Muslim rulers and merchants Rich families lived in fine houses Beds of ivory, meals served in porcelain Women wore silk and had gold and silver bracelets

5. Kilwa was rich because it was south on the coast. Farthest point that could be reached from India in one season 1200’s seized the port of Sofala Trading center for gold mined inland

6. 1488 first Portuguese ships rounded southern tip of Africa Looked for sea route to India Saw wealth of East Africa city-states Portuguese took Sofala with cannon from their ships

7. Muslim traders introduced Islam to East African coast Smaller towns had mosques Muslim sultan or ruler governed most city-states Most of east African coast held onto traditional beliefs Also inland villages

8. Persian traders moved south to horn of Africa Asia goods to Africa and back 1300 35 trading cities dotted the coast West Africa seaports grew wealthy

9. Gold and ivory helped city-states grow rich Shona people established Great Zimbabwe Fertile, well-watered plateau Well suited for farming and grazing

10. Important trade route linking goldfields to coastal Sofala 1000 Great Zimbabwe gained control of trading centers 1200’s to 1400’s thriving capital Leaders taxed traders

11. Demanded payments from lesser chiefs Became the economic, political, and religious center of its empire 1450 Great Zimbabwe abandoned One theory grazing land worn out, soil worn out

12. People had used up al the salt Knowledge comes from its ruins Portuguese explores knew of the site in the 1500’s Karl Mauch discovered the ruins in 1871

13. City in southern Africa Means stone houses Royal palace for rulers Great curving walls around the ruins Construction took 400 years Mostly for defense or to impress visitors

14. 1420 Mututa left Great Zimbabwe to find new source of salt Traveled north Mutapa- means conqueror 1500 Portuguese believe it a title of respect for a leader

15. Origin of Mutapa empire Conquered all of Zimbabwe 1480 Mutota’s son claimed an area from Zimbabwe River to the Indian Ocean Mined gold

16. Conquered people forced to mine Sent gold to city-states in exchange for luxuries 1500 Portuguese tried to conquer them They tried to influence politics Had rulers overthrown European interference in Africa