Development of the United Nations

Current Secretary General Ban Ki-moon

What is the United Nations The UN was created in response to WWII after the failure of the League of Nations The UN was created in response to WWII after the failure of the League of Nations Out of WWII, came a need for a worldwide forum where nations would be able to communicate peacefully Out of WWII, came a need for a worldwide forum where nations would be able to communicate peacefully Today it’s comprised of 191 member nations Today it’s comprised of 191 member nations

The UN Charter In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the UN Conference on International Organization to draw up the UN Charter In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the UN Conference on International Organization to draw up the UN Charter The UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945 The UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945 United Nations Day is now celebrated on this day.United Nations Day is now celebrated on this day.

What is its Function Promote international cooperation Promote international cooperation Maintain peace and security throughout the world Maintain peace and security throughout the world Develop friendly relations amongst nations Develop friendly relations amongst nations Cooperate in solving international problems Cooperate in solving international problems Promote respect for human rights Promote respect for human rights Be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations Be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations

Organs of the UN General Assembly General Assembly Security Council Security Council Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council Trusteeship Council The Secretariat The Secretariat The International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice Also known as The HagueAlso known as The Hague

General Assembly “Parliament of Nations” “Parliament of Nations” Each member has one vote Each member has one vote Decision on key issues such as international peace and security and admitting new members are decided by two-thirds majority Decision on key issues such as international peace and security and admitting new members are decided by two-thirds majority All other votes are decided by simple majority All other votes are decided by simple majority Holds annual sessions from September to December Holds annual sessions from September to December If necessary emergency sessions can be called such as during September 11 th If necessary emergency sessions can be called such as during September 11 th Has six main committees who carry out various tasks when the Assembly is not meeting Has six main committees who carry out various tasks when the Assembly is not meeting

Security Council Fifteen Council members—five that are permanent Fifteen Council members—five that are permanent ChinaChina FranceFrance Russian FederationRussian Federation United KingdomUnited Kingdom United StatesUnited States Other Council members are elected by the General Assembly for two year terms Other Council members are elected by the General Assembly for two year terms

Economic and Social Council Coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations Coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family of organizations Plays key role in fostering international cooperation for development Plays key role in fostering international cooperation for development Has 54 members, elected by General Assembly for three-year terms Has 54 members, elected by General Assembly for three-year terms

Trusteeship Council Was established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories administered by the member states Was established to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories administered by the member states Ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self- government or independence Ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self- government or independence

The Hague Known as the International Court of Justice, or the World Court Known as the International Court of Justice, or the World Court Is the main justice organ of the UN Is the main justice organ of the UN Participation by states in a proceeding is voluntary, but if a state agrees to participate, it is obligated to comply with the Court’s decision Participation by states in a proceeding is voluntary, but if a state agrees to participate, it is obligated to comply with the Court’s decision

The Secretariat Carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, Security Council, and the other organs. Carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, Security Council, and the other organs. At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance Duty stations include the UN headquarters in New York, as well as Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi, and other locations. Duty stations include the UN headquarters in New York, as well as Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi, and other locations.

The UN Family Consists if 14 independent organizations also known as “specialized agencies” which are linked to the UN through cooperative agreements Consists if 14 independent organizations also known as “specialized agencies” which are linked to the UN through cooperative agreements They have wide-ranging international responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health-related fields They have wide-ranging international responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health-related fields All these organizations have their own governing bodies, budgets, and secretariats. All these organizations have their own governing bodies, budgets, and secretariats. Together, they provide technical assistance and other forms of practical help in virtually all economic and social areas Together, they provide technical assistance and other forms of practical help in virtually all economic and social areas

Governing Body: 2 main branches 1 st Branch--- Security Council with 11 (now 15) members with veto power 1 st Branch--- Security Council with 11 (now 15) members with veto power U.S.U.S. USSR/Russia todayUSSR/Russia today UKUK FranceFrance ChinaChina 2 nd Branch--- General Assembly--all member nations have equal representation 2 nd Branch--- General Assembly--all member nations have equal representation

History of U.N. 1945—U.N. chartered in San Francisco as an international peacekeeping organization with enforcement provisions. 1945—U.N. chartered in San Francisco as an international peacekeeping organization with enforcement provisions. 1948—The U.N. established the World Health Organization in Geneva. This welfare pact, rather than the peace aspect, has become more successful. 1948—The U.N. established the World Health Organization in Geneva. This welfare pact, rather than the peace aspect, has become more successful. 1949– U.N. building completed in New York City and has become the World Head quarters. 1949– U.N. building completed in New York City and has become the World Head quarters.