Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music

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Presentation transcript:

Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music

What is classical music? Classical music consists of not one style but many Medieval: 450-1450 Renaissance: 1450-1700 Baroque: 11600-1759

Roots of Classical Music Traced to ancient Greece and Rome Classical music was also known as “Court” music – very much a part of social life. Little is known about early music beyond the writings of ancient historians and philosophers

Historical Writings Discuss the purposes of music and some of the instruments Artworks from the eras also help show individuals playing various instruments Harps, drums and the aulos, a forerunner to the modern oboe.

Pythagoras and Aristoxenus Developed theories about the relationship among musical sounds Their writings were the basis for modern Western music One of the chief contributions was the establishment of the octave as the basic mathematical unit in music.

Medieval Period or Middle Ages Earliest surviving music is dated to this time. Church assumed leadership role in most fields including the arts. Church music is known as sacred music Church music became the foundation of modern classical music.

Plainsong Music with no strict meter or accompaniment, sung by a single voice or unison choir. Plainsong is monophonic A single melody line Some composers felt restricted by its simplicity To compensate, some adventurous composers experimented with parallel organum

Parallel Organum Two voice parts sing the same melody, one at a perfect fourth or fifth higher than the other. Early attempt at harmony

Musical Preservation Today when musicians want to perform music, they obtain a copy of the written notation called the score Music of the medieval period had to be learned by rote and passed down orally to each successive generation What do you think happened to the music if it was not written down?

First Attempt at Musical Notation Early notation called neumes Markings over or under the text to signal pitch changes. First to create a true system of staff notation was a Benedictine monk named Guido de Arezzo

Guido of Arezzo (c. 991-1033) Invented first true staff notation system Based on a four line staff. The higher the placement of the note on the staff, the higher the pitch Also invented solmization A method of assigning a syllabic name to each tone of the scale to facilitate memorization.

Solmization Basis for our modern do-re-mi system of solfege. Used Hymn to St. John the Baptist Each note of the phrase began one tone or semitone higher than the previous phrase. He borrowed the first syllable from each of the six phrases to represent a scale UT, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA Eventually UT was changed to DO and the seventh tone (SI or TI) was added. This method is still used today!

Rise of Secular music Non-religious music that was written for social activities such as singing and dancing. Whereas church music was uniformly a capella, secular music features instruments as well as voices. Instrumental music was also set in monophonic texture.

Troubadours Poetic musicians Traveled widely, entertaining in the palaces of the feudal lords. Their songs told the news and other stories. They also frequently sang about love.

Hymn to St. John the Baptist Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum Famulituorum Solve poluri Labii reatum Sancte Johannes

Hymn to St. John the Baptist Can you tap the beat?

Estampie – a medieval dance Can you tap the beat? Is the music organized into specific meter? What type of instrument plays the melody? Compare the musical characteristics of “Estampie” to Hymn to St. John the Baptist.

Guillaume d’Amiens Late 13th century troubador who sang of love. Performed the song Prendes I Garde Lyrics tell of the secret meeting between two lovers. It is not known how troubadour melodies were originally performed Only melodies, not rhythms were notated.

Prendes I Garde (Be on your Guard) Take care, lest anyone see us If someone sees us, tell me. It’s just there in that wooded grove. Take care, lest anyone see us. That pleasant lass was looking after the animals, “Charming brunette, I would like to meet with you” Take care lest anyone see us,

Prendes Questions 1. A B A B A C A C 2. A B A B A B A B 3. A B A A A B A B 4. A B C A D E A B --------------------------------------------------------- 1. Which of the patterns above reresents the musical form of the song’s eight phrases? 2. Which of the patterns above represents the poetic form of the text? -Poetic form is called a rondeau – a fixed poetic form of the thirteenth century.