1. MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750 death of BACH) CLASSICAL ( 1750 – 1820 death of Beethoven) ROMANTIC (1820 – 1900 start of 20 th cen. Industrial rev) 20 th CENTURY to 1945 (end of WWII) 1945 to PRESENT

2. THE MIDDLE AGES 2 types of music Church & Secular little of manuscript survives & has no tempos dynamics or instrument names singers & instruments in paintings and literary descriptions but not certain exactly how

3. Gregorian Chant for 1000 years official Roman Catholic Church music Monophonic in LATIN sung to enhance parts of religious services NAMED after POPE Gregory I (the great) who reorganized liturgy 590-604

5. Gregorian Chant most melodies are fix and NOT to be changed but written around later at first were handed down orally but after over 1000 chants notated to ensure uniformity

6. TWO types of services for chants MASS – formal religious right (Last Supper) THE OFFICE –everyday type pray & worship

7. CHURCH MODES scales of the middle ages & renaissance CHURCH Modes vs. Major & Minor Scales Whole steps and half steps

8. Monks were some main musicians because could read/educated (men) Church frowned on instruments because associated with pagan rites. Pipe Organ only allow at special feast / occasions

9. long syllables with altered notes (small range) FREE TIME (no indicators in manuscript most likely improvised or based off of soloist)

10. LISTENING JOURNAL Alleluia: ANONYMOUS form ABA soloist & choir in unison

11. Hildegard of Bingen (bing –N) (1098-1179) German nun Abbess (a title of a mystic) of Rupertsberg writer in Rupertsberg, Germany 1 st woman composer whose large number or works survive

12. LISTENING JOURNAL O successors: Hildegard of Bingen drone - constant note or notes under music 1 to 4 notes per syllable / wider pitch range / wider leaps in pitch / motion towards climax form is ABC

13. Secular Music instruments used but mostly improvised based around common folk melodies 1 st large body of notated melodies in the 12 th & 13 th century by French Troubadours & Trouveres

14. Troubadours & Trouveres = nobles, dukes, ect.. acts of chivalry written done about the CRUSADES LOVE DANCE SONGS SPINNING SONGS

15. Troubadours & Trouveres vs. Minstrels Royalty vs. Scrubs

16. MINSTRELS were lower class performers in castles, taverns, on the street. Served as THE NEWS to common people Played fiddles, harps, lutes.

17. LISTENING JOURNAL (ESTAMPIE) Estampie = earliest example of instrumental music melody with most likely improvised accompaniment (1650 Melodies of this survive) drone has been added to imitate most likely simple dance accompaniment In TRIPLE METER

18. Organum (dev of Polyphony) 700-900 monks add second improvised note to chant usually the 5 th (power chords) duplicated chant

19. Organum (dev of Polyphony) duplicated chant parallel motion 1 st type of harmony note against note

20. Organum (dev of Polyphony) 900A.D.-1200A.D. second line becomes more independent to create true polyphonic contrary motion its own melodic curve 1100A.D. no more note against note restriction (dif melodically & rhythmically)

21. SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME (Measured Rhythm) PARIS 1150 University of PARIS – cathedral of Notre Dame

22. SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME (Measured Rhythm) successive choir masters LEONIN & PEROTIN used measured rhythm for 1 st time 1 st composers of NAME

23. SCHOOL OF NOTRE DAME (Measured Rhythm) 1 st to subdivide the music into 3 beats in honor of the Trinity early medieval music considers triad sound of today harsh and not used but late medieval comes closer

24. ARS NOVA (new art in France) 14 th century The Hundred Years War - France & England (1337-1453) The Plague Weakening Feudal System

25. ARS NOVA (new art in France) literary & music became more secular wrote polyphonic music not based on chants 2 beat became popular syncopation popular new attitude

26. ARS NOVA (new art in France) this end of middle ages music in France & Italy known as ARS NOVA

27. MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers 1300-1377 born Champagne, France Both Musician & Poet

28. MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers spent many years in serve to royal families traveled to many courts and on military campaigns

29. MACHAUT = best known of ARS NOVA Composers he made many copies of music & poetry & presented them all over Europe to nobles (reason his music survives)

30. LISTENING JOURNAL (PUIS QU’EN UOBLI : MACHAUT) Farewell to Joy completely original piece Fell in love late in life at age 60 with young noblewomen age difference too much relationship ended in disappointment he immortalized their love in great narrative poem & 9 musical comps CONT……….

31. LISTENING JOURNAL (PUIS QU’EN UOBLI : MACHAUT) Farewell to Joy piece is a Rondeau has poetic refrain in lyric music uses only two different lines AB 3 beat lead melody (lyric) 2 nd part accompaniment in low pitch (no text to 2 nd part but sung on our recording)

32. LISTENING JOURNAL (Agnus Dei from Norte Dame Mass : MACHAUT) based on chant melodies Norte Dame MASS part of ordinary mass 5 sung prayers that remain the same day to day composers over the years change slightly their interpretation

33. LISTENING JOURNAL (Agnus Dei from Norte Dame Mass : MACHAUT) Agnus Dei – a prayer for mercy and peace (last sung prayer of mass ordinary) 4 voice parts / 3 beat / harmonies have dissonance / hollow sounds / and true full triads form ABA’ / lyric is A A A’ / division sections 3 (trinity reference) / music to appeal to mind and ear in this era