3.  The Medieval Period began with... ...the fall of the Roman Empire around 450AD.  Without Rome’s armies to protect them, Europe was invaded by... ... barbarian tribes from Eastern Europe, the Slavs and Huns from Asia, Islamic armies from the Middle East, and Vikings from the north.  In order to be safe, kings and nobles... ...lived in fortified castles and hired knights.

4.  The two powerful groups were... and... ...the nobility... the Catholic church.  Normal people were usually... ... serfs; They had to work for nobility for food and shelter and couldn’t really own anything.  The Catholic church was... ...very powerful; It collected taxes to pay for the large cathedrals it built; Anyone who disobeyed it risked excommunication.

5. SECULARSACRED

6.  Used instruments and singing.  Musicians worked for rich noblemen.  Used for dancing/ entertainment and story-telling.  It wasn’t written down so not much survived.  http://youtu.be/Ca_y-cqV0r4 http://youtu.be/Ca_y-cqV0r4  http://youtu.be/Pyy_FIYE7EE http://youtu.be/Pyy_FIYE7EE  http://youtu.be/k1LoW3CB5hg http://youtu.be/k1LoW3CB5hg

7.  Christian churches used liturgical chants for worshiping, an idea borrowed from the ancient Jews.  Pre-800: chants differed by region  Post-800: Emperor Charlemagne forced all churches to adopt Gregorian chants.

8.  Church believed music had great power to inspire or corrupt people; Should be the “servant” of the Church.  Didn’t use instruments or beats because they were characteristic of “evil” secular music.  Monophonic (melody only), speech-like, words were always scripture or mass text, in Latin.  Music notation invented by Guido of Arezzo around 1000 AD, so chants were written down and survived until today.

9.  Chant: a “musical prayer” sung by an individual, choir, or congregation.  Liturgy: The sacred texts set to music in chants.  Mode: The specific scale in which the chant is written.

10.  In Monasteries: Sext, Nones, Vespers. (chanting psalms and scripture passages, singing hymns and canticles.)  In Churches: Mass  Kyrie (“Lord have mercy on us”)  Gloria (“Glory to God in the Highest”)  Credo (“I believe in one God...”)  Sanctus (“Holy, holy, holy”)  Agnus Dei (“Lamb of God”)  Funeral Service: Requiem Mass

11.  Chanted Gospel Reading http://youtu.be/7JO03vNYMgI http://youtu.be/7JO03vNYMgI  Gregorian Chant http://youtu.be/Dlr90NLDp-0 http://youtu.be/Dlr90NLDp-0  Ut Queant Laxis http://youtu.be/nK0CE5dIxCc http://youtu.be/nK0CE5dIxCc