Birth Defects Taryn Ballmann

Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate The tissue that forms the ____or _____ of the mouth do not ____ ___________before birth Can be a ____ slit or a _____ opening that goes through the lip into the nose Cleft lip can occur in either ____ of the mouth or in the_______. Cleft palate can occur in the _____, _______, or ________ ______ babies born with cleft palate, ______ babies born with cleft lip

Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate Causes Treatment Mostly unknown _______ Environmental factors What a mother____or _______ Medications (Epilepsy) __________ _________ May need special dental or orthodontic care May need______ therapy

Heart Defects Most ___________ birth defect Effects __________ of heart and how it works Can range from small _____ to ________ or ________ formed parts Some can be diagnosed during pregnancy, others not until birth or ______ ___ _______

Heart Defects Causes Treatment ______ ________ Genetic or chromosome changes Diabetes or obesity ___________ Medications ________ ________ Depends on ____and ________ May need _____ or _____ surgeries Cardiac catheterization Sometimes heart defect __________ be fully repaired

Types of heart defects Atrial Septal Defect Coarctation of the Aorta* Ebstein anomaly* Single ventricle* Tetralogy of Fallot* Truncus Arteriosus* Ventricular Septal Defect

Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 Baby has an extra copy of chromosomes, called ___________ _____. Changes how baby’s _____ and _______ develop, cause _________ and _________ challenges Most common chromosomal condition. 6,000 born each year; 1 out of _____ babies effected Usually have IQ in mildly to moderately low range Slower to _________

Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 Causes Treatment Caused by extra chromosome, but not sure how chromosome is ________ Mothers _____ __________ condition Speech, occupational, and physical therapy ______ _____________ programs in school Most lead _________ and _________ lives

Gastroschisis Baby’s ___________ stick outside of baby’s body, through a hole by _____ ___________. Muscles of baby’s ___________ wall do not form correctly. Intestines can become irritated by _________ fluid because it is not protected, causing it to shorten, ______, or ________. Even after repair, infants may have problems with ________, ________ and ___________ of nutrients ______ babies

Gastroschisis Causes Treatment Unknown Mothers age, _______ teen mothers have high rates than ______-_______ teens ________ or _______ use __________ immediately after birth. ___ ___ _____ or slowly in _______ depending on severity. Receive nutrients through IV, and antibiotics

Spina Bifida ________ ________ ___________(NTD) Can happen anywhere along _____ if the neural tube does not ______ completely ___________ does not form all the way which causes damage to ______ ______ and nerves May cause _________ and ________ disabilities ranging from mild to severe depending on size and location of opening and whether the spinal cord or nerves are affected.

Types of Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele- sac of fluid comes through opening in baby’s back. Part of spinal cord and nerves are damaged. May cause loss in feeling in feet or legs, not being able to move legs and affects how one uses the bathroom. Meningocele-sac of fluid comes through opening in baby’s back, but spinal cord is not in sac. Little to no nerve damage. Spina Bifida Occulta- small gap in spine, but no opening on the baby’s back. Spinal cord and nerves are normal. Does not cause any disabilities

Spina Bifida Causes Treatments _________ ____________ Having high body temperature Diabetes or obesity Treatments vary from person to person, and severity

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) _________, _________, and __________ problems that occur because a mother drank alcohol while pregnant Mother drinks alcohol, which passes through her _______ stream into the ______ ________ stream. Abnormal facial features (ridge between nose and upper lip), small head size, low body weight, poor coordination, hyperactive behavior, poor memory, learning disabilities, speech and language delays, poor reasoning or judgment skills, and problems with heart, kidneys, or bones

FASDs Causes Treatment _________ All alcohol affects baby from before a mother knows she is pregnant to birth ________ disease Medications to help with symptoms, ________ and _________ therapy, and parent training

Prevention of Birth Defects Take appropriate amount of folic acid, 400 mcg Avoid ________ Avoid smoking _____ _____ ______ _________ Wash hands often Eat ____ _______meats Staying away from people who are sick

Prevention cont. Limit ___________ use, or talk to doctor about medication use and ____________ Maintain healthy _________ Keep ____________ under control See health care professional regularly

References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Birth defects. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/index.html [Diagrams of cleft lip & palate]. (n/d). Cleft Lip & Palate Association. (Picture). [Down Syndrome Karotype]. (2013). Autosomal Abnormalities. (Picture).

References [Figure 1]. (2013). Westwood Medical Communications. (Picture). [Spina Bifida]. (2011). Doctor Tipster. (Picture). [FAS kid]. (2004). Virtual Pediatric Hospital. (Picture).