The Score Story Paul H. Riley Score Project Director

1.4 Billion without Electricity Indian Sub continent Sub Saharan Africa … the World 3 Billion people cook on open fire

The Score-Stove™ Goal l For £20 - £60* it will Generate electricity. Be affordable. Be Smoke free. Reduces emissions. l Can burn Wood or Dung other biomass propane and kerosene. l help 3 billion rural people l save 10 Mt Carbon per year Score intervention in Nepal. 10 and 20We simulated. * 2007 prices

Score-Stove™ timeline l £2M Score project 2007 to 2012 Social and Technical, University of Nottingham lead, linear alternator and management City University London, low cost stove enclosures University of Leicester, Thermo-acoustics, rigs, PIV Queen Mary University of London, System design, demo1 Practical Action, Social science research, field trials Completed with International conference April 2012 l SoFo £230k 2012 to 2013 Score centres in Bangladesh and Nepal l Alstom €99k CSR Field trials in Nepal

Two way knowledge transfer Requirements capture Visit backed up by wider surveys

Nepal 2007

The Welcome

India 2012

Requirements

Market Survey (from Score Project 2007) l Nepal survey (results confirmed in Kenya) Yangalot village in Hagam Husband see chart on next page Wife »better cooking position »low smoke »better education for children l Business case Household: »70p per month saved on kerosene for lighting, »Score pays back in < 3 years Village »shop sells and maintains score to offset kerosene sales. Country »carbon credits »cascade manufacturing. Now 2- 4x

Market Survey (from Score Project) l Typical Nepalese house l Target cost* Between £20 and £60 »In large quantities enables 1.2 B to 60 M people BUT………………………….. * 2007 prices

Affordability l Cheapest solution is not the most affordable The right packaged solution makes it more attractive. l Stop using kerosene for lighting. Torches etc. mean kerosene use > zero Typical kerosene cost = £15 to £30 pa l Use of LED lights, low maintenance, cost decreasing due to learner curve. l Need easy-to-use way to monitor electricity So that carbon credits can be claimed. l Low cost entry point uses low capacity battery. Many devices (mobile phones) can be charged during cooking l Total Package now aimed at £100, with micro finance

Generating stove goals l Reduce Wood consumption Smoke inhalation l Improve Health »Reduced smoke »improved understanding of modern medicine »Preservation of prescription drugs (cooling) Education, by means of electricity »light at night »access to knowledge through mobile phone and computer »Radio and TV Wealth »Better education »Access to improved farming methods and commodity prices »Business opportunities (sales and maintenance, selling electricity)

How to make it happen

Strategy Score Core Team Score Centres Score Community Score Partner organisations Intellectual property given free to developing countries, in return for Score owning improvements. Licenses available for developed world Malaysia, Nepal Bangladesh, Jaipur, Kenya, Uganda 21 Collaboration agreements Local community engagement Research dissemination commercialisation

Is Score useful? l Simulated Score Stove 35 houses in Nepal and Kenya 10 – 20 W electrical No smoke, less wood l Satisfaction 100% used electricity for lighting helping education, social 80% used for radio 33% mobile phone charging »16% sold electricity l Interest from Developed world KTP with Warrior Stoves (UK) awarded CHP Benefit can be gained from as little as 15We, longer term 100We targeted.

Technology options l There is no doubt that a reliable smoke-free cooking stove that generates electricity, reduces fuel consumption and is affordable, will sell in the 100’s millions and give great benefit. l What technologies can meet these requirements? Erikson cycle Stirling engine Steam engine Solar plus clean cooking stove Thermo-Acoustic Thermo-Electric (Thermopile)

Score Status April 2012 l Thermo-Acoustic technology chosen l Research phase and dissemination completed l Additional awards made (totalling £0.5M) KTS, KTP, centre establishment, Follow on funds. Significant free support (people’s time) l Score Community running since l City University achieved record of 23We for wood burning TAE. 37W on rig l Scientific (instrumented) rigs built Leicester and Queen Mary University of London l 10 demonstrators built, 6 on order l Cost reduction plan One off demonstrators £2500 in UK, £750 with low labour cost, In 100k pa volume £150 RR audit, £60 with manufacturing improvements More research needed to hit £20 target

Social requirements

Key social findings l Smoke repels insects, if it is removed, they return There is a belief that termites will eat their house l Local knowledge is essential when designing Some people like to make illicit alcohol, if the still does not fit, the stove will be rejected. l If there is no-one to fix a broken stove, it stays broken l Respect the village hierarchy l Asking the question the right way from the right person is essential to getting the right answer. Do you want to cook in squatting position or stood up? l An electrical generating stove gives incentive to change to the whole family.

Business requirements

Business Case model l Available on memory stick is an Excel™ model l The model shows a business case at 3 levels The Household Village Store, or shop Country or large region l Pico Hydro Is cheapest solution, where available Falls behind at regional level as coverage is limited l PV solar Needs to operate in monsoon season (reduced light) Needs smoke free stove as well l Assumptions Can be varied to benchmark different scenarios and technologies Are designed to show consistency across different options Feedback from your technology area is welcome

Product comparison

Householder view

Regional View

Score Centres of Excellence l Malaysia started 2010, Bangladesh, started in July 2011, Nepal July 2012, Kenya testing Score-Stove™1 l Targeted at organisations that have both research and teaching capabilities Have capacity and will to propagate Score knowledge l Will be provided with information to Design and analyse TAE* Manufacture Score-Stoves How to Maintain Score Stoves Create business models for Score-Stove™ exploitation »Explore the franchise type l Support available for creating teaching modules l Quality level of approval and regular checks l Long term to be Self sustaining and sufficient * Thermo-Acoustic Engines

Score Community l Began 2008 now has 14 members SA, Kenya, Nepal, Uganda, Ghana, China, India. l Loosely bound individuals and organisations Have signed Collaboration Agreement or non-disclosure Score IP* given freely to developing countries Generated IP owned by Nottingham University »Then freely available to all developing countries Access to community web site to share knowledge Licenses available for use in developed countries l Includes self-help community of practice l Encourages profitable enterprises As long as profit stays in developing country l Encourages Research * Intellectual Property

Next Steps l Increase output to 50We, then 100We 4 companies interested in manufacture at 50We l Supporting Score Centres l Sponsorship Field trials Manufacturers l Funding next stages

Acknowledgements l The Score project is funded by EPSRC, the UK Engineering and Physical Research Council. l Thanks to The original Score Team The Score centres Practical Action’s world-wide offices l Aster Technology the Netherlands, Mr Kees deBlok

Back pocket slides

Score Objectives l Contribute to increasing wealth and education and improving health in developing countries by investigating appropriate and affordable novel technology to meet the energy needs of isolated rural communities in developing countries. This technology is designated, SCORE, the Stove for Cooking, Refrigeration and Electricity supply. l Develop a Project Network, comprising academics from both the research team and local universities acting as knowledge hubs in the target countries, charities and non-government organisations, government representative and the local communities themselves. Exchange and focus the scientific, technological and social knowledge required by SCORE. Promote SCORE worldwide and provide a database of end-user requirements and product applications l Plan and create the mechanisms for implementation of SCORE by identifying barriers to implementation and proposing solutions, forming collaborations within the developing countries, developing training strategy and suitable training materials, encouraging the acquisition of matching funding, promoting the building of local manufacturing capacity, and highlighting the wider business opportunities of SCORE in developing countries. l Capture and evaluate the underpinning scientific knowledge of thermoacoustic technologies and devise a new engineering concept combining the thermoacoustic engine, electrical generation and refrigeration. Integrate these in a technology demonstrator. l Study heat transfer processes in combustion and thermoacoustic systems and devise a high- efficiency, integrated combustor/heat exchanger/stove unit, capable of fulfilling its cooking function and providing the energy to the thermoacoustic element. Evaluate its performance by experimentation and integrate it into a technology demonstrator. l Devise through interdisciplinary research an inexpensive method to convert acoustic energy into electricity that could be easily mass produced and evaluate its performance. l Study the manufacturability, cost and the potential of using indigenous materials and local skills and based on the technology demonstrator, to design feasible SCORE prototypes, which could be field tested at selected locations. Build and demonstrate the prototypes in selected rural communities. l Benchmark the design against other technologies and recommend future development paths, research and applications.