1. “Reduction of household pollution” Paul H. Riley
Department of Electrical And Electronic Engineering

2. Current cooking habits
3 Billion people cook on open fire 4 million per year die prematurely from smoke
Photo courtesy Practical Action
Indian Sub continent
Sub Saharan Africa ……Nepal…. the World
Smoke inhalation causes many health problems. Wood burning is only one source of smoke. Kerosene for lighting also contributes.

3. World Bank [2] 2011
“Research on improved cookstoves dates back to the 1950s; the ensuing decades witnessed large-scale field programs centered on increasing the efficiency of certain stove designs. Over the past 30 years, the focus of the international community has gradually shifted toward the socio-cultural contexts in which the stoves operate. While the stoves themselves may have been simple, their effects on household and regional health and economics have often been complex and far-reaching. In short, many approaches to introducing improved stoves have been tried, with some successes and many failures…”
“From 1980 until about 2002, hundreds or even thousands of artisan-produced cookstove models were developed…”

4. Uptake in Rural Areas
100%
Mobile Phones
Clean cookstoves
8% outside China.[2]
2007
2013
1950
Alone, clean cookstoves are boring. Phones are wanted .. Why?

5. Uptake conclusion It is not the cookstove design preventing uptake
We must take cognisance of the social context and the techno-social interactions
Partnerships are key.

6. Social context
To improve health need to remove smoke inhalation from stove and kerosene
Used for lighting
How to make clean cookstoves more like mobile phones? To generate the want?
What are the :
Inhibitors
Motivators

7. Example of Inhibitors If the still won’t fit Stove had hot spot
No alcohol made
Not accepted
Stove had hot spot
One woman burnt hand
Other 32 stoves were not used
Remove the smoke
Insects have a party
People get ill
Stove bring the demons
House eaten by termites
Conclusion: If you remove the smoke, solve the associated problems

8. Improved Stoves inhibitors
Wood collected too big for stove
page 28

9. Broader based Inhibitors
At household level convince change is beneficial to the
Male
Female
Children
Village
Positive “grape vine” communication is essential
Cooperative and village hierarchy have to be supportive
Potential disadvantaged need addressing
Manufacturing logistics
If it breaks, it will not get used..
Unless it can easily be fixed
Country (government)
Balance of payments
Profit flows to benefit country not foreigners
Reduction of corruption

10. Particularly lights and mobile phone charging
Motivators
Adding packaged solutions although adding cost can make the solution more affordable and generates the want. Stoves that generate electricity are highly motivating for all the family
Particularly lights and mobile phone charging

11. Technology options
There is no doubt that a reliable smoke-free cooking stove that generates electricity, reduces fuel consumption and is affordable, will sell in the 100’s millions and give great benefit.
What technologies can meet these requirements?
Mini-hydro and clean stoves
Erikson cycle
Stirling engine
Steam engine
Solar plus clean cooking stove
Thermo-Acoustic (eg Score-Stove™)
Thermo-Electric (Thermopile)

12. Affordability Cheapest solution is not the most affordable
The right packaged solution makes it more attractive.
Stop using kerosene for lighting.
Typical kerosene cost = £15 to £30 pa
Torches etc. mean kerosene use > zero
Use of LED lights, low maintenance
Need easy-to-use way to monitor electricity
So that carbon credits can be claimed.
Total Package aimed at £100, with micro finance

13. Thanks to EPSRC, The Research Council in the UK. Score Partners.
Practical Action.
Alstom.