Chapter Three The World of Jesus 49

Jesus practicing Jew Because Jesus was a devout, practicing Jew we cannot really understand him without some understanding of the Jewish world he lived in, and the Jewish faith he practiced.

A Brief History of the Jewish People

1. Pre-History D. The Flood -- Noah The Fall B. Adam & Eve -- ( Not in textbook ) A. Creation of World C. Cain & Abel E. Tower of Babel

2. The Patriarchs > Abraham 1900 B.C.E. > Isaac > Jacob (Israel) - 12 sons (tribes) - Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt Pp

Canaan Egypt

3. In Egypt A) Joseph in Egypt B) Famine in Canaan Jacob’s sons go down to Egypt C) New Pharoah enslaves Israelites D) Israelites cry out to God for deliverance P. 52

4. EXODUS The central event of the OT a) Moses is sent to lead Israel out of slavery b) Passover: blood is sprinkled on door posts paschal lamb P B.C.E.

c) Jews escape toward desert d) pass through Red Sea Pharaoh’s army is drowned (Sea of Reeds) Exodus cont.

Canaan Egypt Exodus

e) Mt. Sinai -- COVENANT Exodus cont. in wilderness f) 10 commandments g) Forty years of wandering Pp

5. CANAAN The Promised Land - milk and honey a) Jews occupy the land, b) Idolatry a problem Jews worship local gods Military leaders sent to deliver Jews from local tribes kick out most local tribes c) Judges P. 57

Palestine Canaan Modern Israel

6. KINGDOM Saul a) Saul - a “flop” as first king 1000 B.C.E. c) Solomon (David’s son) builds the TEMPLE b) David - the Ideal King P. 58

Jerusalem The religious, political social center of the Jewish nation. King David’s “capital” city

7. DIVIDED KINGDOM a) Solomon’s sons split between northern and southern kingdoms P. 60

7. DIVIDED KINGDOM c) Two kingdoms destroyed (721, 597) b) era of the - calling people back to covenant P. 60 Great Prophets

8. BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY leading people, artisans taken as captives to Babylon P. 60 b) 597 B.C.E. Destruction a) 587 B.C.E. Destruction of Jerusalem and temple

8. BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY

c) The “diaspora” = The “dispersion” 8. BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY cont. Jews who settled in regions outside Palestine during or after Babylonian Exile P. 60

“ African diaspora?” Q: What is the ?

9. RESTORATION 538 B.C.E a) Persians defeat Babylonians, b) the faithful “remnant” returns to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem allow Jewish exiles to go home P. 61 c) No longer any King, but High Priest

10. GREEK DOMINATION B.C.E. After Alexander the Great, P. 63 Two generals: in Syria and in Egypt Greek influence on Jewish Culture tremendous Greek influence on Jewish Culture

11. ROMAN DOMINATION Roman Empire

11. ROMAN DOMINATION Rome Palestine *

11. ROMAN DOMINATION C. Pontius Pilate was a Roman official B. Jesus lived under Roman rule D. Destruction of Jerusalem 70 C.E. A. Starting 37 B.C.E.

The oppressed Jews of Jesus’ time dreamed that one day God would send them P. 73 Part III: Dreaming of a Liberator A. a great leader,

C. a military Messiah to overthrow the Romans P. 73 Part III: Dreaming of a Liberator B. a new King David

Fr. Al’s Hall of Fame 2. Isaac 3. Israel 1. Abraham Father of the Jews Son of Abraham, father of Esau/Jacob a.k.a. Jacob, Father of 12 tribes

5. Moses 4. Joseph (O.T.) 6. Joshua Son of Jacob, sold into Egypt Led Israelites out of Egypt - EXODUS Led Jews into promised land

9. David 8. Saul 7. Judges Military leaders sent to deliver Israelites from local tribes First king, a flop Ideal king, 1000 BCE

10. Solomon 11. Prophet David’s son. Built first temple Calls the people back to the covenant

12. Alex. The Great 13. Pontius Pilate Greatest military empire builder: GREEK EMPIRE Roman official who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus

Four Places to Know 2. Canaan 4. Jerusalem 3. Mt. Sinai 1. Palestine

”Paschal Meal” What’s this:

Roman Occupation

Chapter Three End of 49