Punctuation, Word Choice, and Spelling

Respond to this Quotation "The writer who neglects punctuation, or mispunctuates, is liable to be misunderstood.” - Edgar Allan Poe

Punctuation Apostrophes

Apostrophes Use #1: The ‘ replaces missing letters in a contraction. Use #1: The ‘ replaces missing letters in a contraction. We are = we’re We are = we’re She is= she’s She is= she’s *Be careful of its and it’s: *Be careful of its and it’s: Its= possessive form; It’s = it is. Its= possessive form; It’s = it is.

Apostrophe Use #2: The ‘ is used to form the plurals of letters and numbers. Use #2: The ‘ is used to form the plurals of letters and numbers. The 1960’s were groovy! The 1960’s were groovy! There are too many o’s in the word “toooooooooooooooo”. There are too many o’s in the word “toooooooooooooooo”. *When shortening a year put the ‘ before the last two digits. *When shortening a year put the ‘ before the last two digits. Ex. I graduated high school in ’03.

Apostrophes Use #3: The ‘ is used to form possessives (to show ownership). Use #3: The ‘ is used to form possessives (to show ownership). There are three rules which must be memorized: There are three rules which must be memorized: 1.Of a singular noun: Add ‘S Girl’s dress; man’s car Girl’s dress; man’s car 2.Of a plural noun that does not end in S: Add ‘S Women’s dresses; men’s cars Women’s dresses; men’s cars 3.Of a plural noun that ends in S: Just add the ‘ Friends’ books, nurses’ uniforms Friends’ books, nurses’ uniforms

Apostrophe (ask yourself: “Is it more than one or just one?” If it is one of anything on earth add ‘s. If it is more than one, ask yourself: Does it already end is s?” If it does, just add’) (ask yourself: “Is it more than one or just one?” If it is one of anything on earth add ‘s. If it is more than one, ask yourself: Does it already end is s?” If it does, just add’) Together, let’s add the ‘ where needed. Together, let’s add the ‘ where needed. Her mother smile Her mother smile Women work Women work Several boys bikes Several boys bikes

Apostrophe Practice 1.Please complete exercises 1 & 2 in your punctuation guide packet. 2.Turn to pages in your workbooks. *We’ve already completed these, but now that you know the rules make any corrections that you need to make.

Semicolons Use #1: We use a ; to glue two sentences together: Use #1: We use a ; to glue two sentences together: I’m not going out; it is raining I’m not going out; it is raining Use # 2: We use a ; when there are already commas in a series of things: Use # 2: We use a ; when there are already commas in a series of things: Elmira, New York; Horseheads, New York; and Ithaca, New York are all nice towns. Elmira, New York; Horseheads, New York; and Ithaca, New York are all nice towns.

Colon Use #1: We use a : after the greeting of a business letter: Use #1: We use a : after the greeting of a business letter: Dear Sir or Madam: Dear Sir or Madam: Use #2: We use a : to introduce a list of items : Use #2: We use a : to introduce a list of items : Bring the following: a pen, a pencil, paper, and your book. Bring the following: a pen, a pencil, paper, and your book.

Extra Uses Use #3: We use a : between the numbers in the time of day, locations in a book, or separating the primary and secondary heading of a book. Use #3: We use a : between the numbers in the time of day, locations in a book, or separating the primary and secondary heading of a book. 8:00am 8:00am Genesis 1:5 Genesis 1:5 Hopeful: A Tale of Surviving Cancer Hopeful: A Tale of Surviving Cancer

Colon Now you try: Insert needed colons. Now you try: Insert needed colons. 1. Dear Mr. President 2.He ate the following foods pizza, hot dogs, chips, and cake. 3. The book is titled Great Danes A Complete Breed Profile.

Practice 1.Complete Exercise 3 and 4 in your packet. 2.Complete pages 292 and 295

What do these three pictures have in common?

THE MIGHTY COMMA USES: USES: 1.in a series: 1.We read, write, and speak English. 2.separating several adjectives: 1.I want a bright, shiny, new bike. 3.separating introductory words and clauses: 1.Yes, the Yankees are still in first place. 4.with interrupters: 1.You may, of course, choose not to believe that.

THE MIGHTY COMMA 5.When speaking directly to someone. Don’t cry, Derek. Don’t cry, Derek. 6.With appositives: Mr. Carpenter, our favorite teacher, doesn’t like the Red Sox. Mr. Carpenter, our favorite teacher, doesn’t like the Red Sox. 7. With first, second, and third: First, Mr. Carpenter is always right; second, The Giants are in first place, not second; third, it won’t be long until they win again. First, Mr. Carpenter is always right; second, The Giants are in first place, not second; third, it won’t be long until they win again.

Practice Break As a class, let’s insert the commas: My favorite colors are green purple and blue. My favorite colors are green purple and blue. I teach smart funny talented students. I teach smart funny talented students. English is of course the best class ever. English is of course the best class ever. The best school Drakes Creek Middle School is the one we attend. The best school Drakes Creek Middle School is the one we attend. First we will do our work; second we might play jeopardy. First we will do our work; second we might play jeopardy.

Practice Complete exercise 5 in your packet for homework! Complete exercise 5 in your packet for homework! When you’re finished, please begin showing your ability to use apostrophes, semicolons, colons, and the first 7 uses of commas (make that connection from practice to USAGE). When you’re finished, please begin showing your ability to use apostrophes, semicolons, colons, and the first 7 uses of commas (make that connection from practice to USAGE).

How are You Doing so Far? (on your own paper) Apostrophes: Apostrophes: Use #1 – 1 sentence Use #1 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #3 – 3 sentences (1 for each rule) Use #3 – 3 sentences (1 for each rule) Semicolons Semicolons Use #1 – 1 sentence Use #1 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Colons Colons Use #1 – 1 example Use #1 – 1 example Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #3 – an example of each Use #3 – an example of each Commas (1 st 7 uses) Commas (1 st 7 uses) Use #1 - 1 sentence Use #1 - 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #2 – 1 sentence Use #3 – 1 sentence Use #3 – 1 sentence Use #4 – 1 sentence Use #4 – 1 sentence Use #5 – 1 sentence Use #5 – 1 sentence Use #6 – 1 sentence Use #6 – 1 sentence Use #7 – 1 sentence Use #7 – 1 sentence Circle your correct usage of these punctuation marks in each sentence! Circle your correct usage of these punctuation marks in each sentence!

THE MIGHTY COMMA 8.after the greeting and closing in a friendly letter Dear Sue, Dear Sue, Love, Love, 9. between the date of the month and the year: October 31, 2007 October 31, between the city and the state: Horseheads, New York Horseheads, New York 11. to show a pause and/or to group words so that they make sense: After eating, Otis always takes a nap. After eating, Otis always takes a nap.

THE MIGHTY COMMA 12. to set off words right before or after a quotation: Mr. Carpenter said, “Good effort.” Mr. Carpenter said, “Good effort.” “Good effort,” Mr. Carpenter said. “Good effort,” Mr. Carpenter said. 13. with words that give extra information but don’t need to be there to have a complete sentence: The students, who all have Mr. C., think English rocks. The students, who all have Mr. C., think English rocks. 14. in a compound sentence (two sentences joined by a command a conjunction partnership): A storm came, but school did not close. A storm came, but school did not close.

COMMA PRACTICE Complete exercise 6 in your packet. Complete exercise 6 in your packet. Look at pages Now that you know the rules, make any changes that you need to make. Look at pages Now that you know the rules, make any changes that you need to make.

Word Choice Their, There, or They’re

Word Choice Lose, Loose

Word Choice Loss, Lost

Word Choice Whose, Who's

Word Choice Who vs. Whom

Word Choice Good vs. Well

Word Choice To, Too, Two

Spelling ie vs. ei ie vs. ei Prefixes Prefixes Suffixes Suffixes Plurals Plurals