The Renaissance Italian City States

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3 Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in States grew because of loyalty to individual lords and the power achieved through trade. States grew because of loyalty to individual lords and the power achieved through trade. People had no allegiance to a single ruler. People had no allegiance to a single ruler.

4 Rise of the Italian City-States Control by wealthy families: Control by wealthy families: –Florencethe Medici (on and off) –Ferrara the Este –Mantuathe Gonzaga –Milanthe Sforza and the Visconti –Riminithe Malatesta –Venice wealthy families elected Doges –Valencia the Borgias

5 The Borgia family were enemies of the Medicis and the Sforzas. The Borgia family were enemies of the Medicis and the Sforzas. Marriages were regularly used as trades for power and allegiance. Marriages were regularly used as trades for power and allegiance. Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) was pope from Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) was pope from Accused of crimes like adultery, simony, theft, and bribery. (IMPORTANT) -Accused of crimes like adultery, simony, theft, and bribery. (IMPORTANT) -Had his daughter marry a Sforza son. -Had his daughter marry a Sforza son.

6 Firenze and the Medici Panorama of Firenze

7 The Gonzaga family in Mantua La Piazza: Mantova

8 The Sforza family in Milan Castello Sforzesco

9 Wealthy families of Venice elected the Doge The Doge’s Palace

10 Europe: 1378

11 The Renaissance: Rebirth of all the arts and culture begins in the City-States of Italy Rebirth of all the arts and culture begins in the City-States of Italy Wealthy bankers and merchants support artists, architects, intellectuals, etc. Wealthy bankers and merchants support artists, architects, intellectuals, etc. Italian ideals set enduring standards for art in the Western world, influenced writers & architects, and encouraged intellectual pursuits Italian ideals set enduring standards for art in the Western world, influenced writers & architects, and encouraged intellectual pursuits

12 Renaissance Cities

13 The end of the Renaissance Political stress: –F–F–F–France and Spain’s rivalry over Italy –C–C–C–City-states passed among various European rulers through war, marriage,treaty, death –T–T–T–The Papacy held on to the Papal States –S–S–S–Spain the chief power in Italy: – H– H– H– House of Savoy rules Piedmont & Sardinia

14 Italy: 1494 Rivalry of Spain and France over territories in Italy By 1544: Spain ruled Sicily, Naples & Milan

15 Europe: 1500

Italy remains split into a dozen separate states while European nations are forming Italy remains split into a dozen separate states while European nations are forming The feudal system lingers on in the south The feudal system lingers on in the south Europe 1648

17 Napoleon conquers Italy in the 1790’s After his defeat in 1815, most Italian states go back to their former rulers: After his defeat in 1815, most Italian states go back to their former rulers:  Lombardy-Venetia to Austria  Naples and Sicily to Spain

18 Napoleonic expansion

: Italy after Napoleon

20 The Risorgimento Hatred of foreign rule increases Liberation movement begun by Giuseppe Mazzini in Piedmont with the support of Charles Albert, king of Sardinia-Piedmont (House of Savoy) Scattered revolts in 1848 were unsuccessful Giuseppe Mazzini

21 Expansion begins Under King Victor Emanuel I, son of Charles Albert, Count Camillo Cavour, the prime minister, made a treaty with France against Austria. Under King Victor Emanuel I, son of Charles Albert, Count Camillo Cavour, the prime minister, made a treaty with France against Austria. Count Camillo Cavour

: Austria defeated Italy gained Lombardy, but Austria kept Venetia Italy gained Lombardy, but Austria kept Venetia

23 Expansion continues 1859: Plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Emilia. They voted to join Sardinia-Piedmont. 1859: Plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Emilia. They voted to join Sardinia-Piedmont. Napoleon III consented, but only after Nice and Savoy voted to join France. Napoleon III consented, but only after Nice and Savoy voted to join France.

24 General Garibaldi drives out the Bourbons from Sicily and Naples General Garibaldi drives out the Bourbons from Sicily and Naples General Giuseppe Garibaldi

25 Unification of Italy 1861: Victor Emanuel II crowned King of Italy 1866: Venetia regained from Austria

: Papal States captured The French army was assigned to protect the Papal States, but was called to join the fighting in the Prussian War. The French army was assigned to protect the Papal States, but was called to join the fighting in the Prussian War. The Italian army took the opportunity to capture the Papal States, thus adding central Italy to the union. The Italian army took the opportunity to capture the Papal States, thus adding central Italy to the union.

27 Steps to Unification

28 Constitutional Monarchy: Birth of modern Italy Birth of modern Italy –Heavy taxation to pay war debts –Parliamentary government new and strange to many Italians –Economic growth supported the changes