Unit 1

 End of last ice age was about ____B.C.  About ____B.C. Stone Age hunters settle around Nile River  About ____B.C. the ag. revolution hits area  About 3,500 B.C. see small farming villages

 Longest river in the world  Flows ____to the Mediterranean  Advantages:  Brought moisture to what would otherwise be desert  Predictable floods made soil fertile (not today)  Transportation (linked Upper and Lower Egypt)

 Nile advantages continued  Attracted wildlife for hunting  ____grew here (used for paper)

 _____and ____deserts surround area  Mediterranean and ____Sea  To the south there are 6 cataracts that were impassable  ____peninsula is where most passed  Surrounding desert = barrier to farmers  Built ____systems

 Religious beliefs reflected the importance of ____  Believed ____controlled nature and life/death  Polytheistic  Believed in village god  Other gods  East (where sun rises) represents ____  West (where sun sets) represents ____  Egyptians always built tombs and funeral temples on the ____bank of the Nile

 Amon-Re (____god) = most important  ____= God of the Nile  Murdered by brother, Set (evil who caused ____)  ____= Osiris’ wife, brought husband back to life  Osiris returned as god of the underworld and judge of the ____  Egyptians celebrate the death and rebirth of Osiris  Identified with the rise and fall of the ____

 When someone died: “You have not gone away dead. You have gone away alive.”  Believed that in afterlife you were happy, well fed, busy with enjoyable activities  After you die:  Go to the underworld to be judged by ____  Declare your innocence of sin  Osiris weighed your heart against a ____(symbol of truth)  If you fail you are eaten by a ____, if you pass you go to the afterlife Ammit

 Egyptians planned carefully for life after death  Wealthy built elaborate ____  Rulers built ____as tombs  Filled with ____they thought they would need in the afterlife  Needed bodies for a home for the ____  Hence, ____  at first only rulers and nobles, eventually lower class

 Priests needed to record rituals, developed ____  Hieroglyphics  Earliest about ____B.C. (pictograms)  Eventually add ideograms to show ____like sleeping  Symbols to represent sounds  Meaning of hieroglyphics lost until 1800s  Jean Champollion deciphered ____  Black stone containing hieroglyphics and Greek  Champollion read Greek and deciphered hieroglyphics

 Villages along the Nile split into ____(south) and ____Egypt (north)  ____united the 2 (successors wore double crown)  Probably first ruling family (dynasty)  About 30 dynasties btwn 2700 and 1090 B.C.  ____Kingdom B.C.  ____Kingdom B.C.  ____Kingdom B.C.  Egyptians recorded events according to which dynasty was in power, not by dates

 Old Kingdom  “pharaoh”, irrigation, improved hieroglyphics, Pyramids at ____, building pyramids cost a lot of money and pharaohs lost power  Middle Kingdom  Mid and lower class rise, drained Nile ____, expanded border, contact with other cultures, ____of Asia attack with horses and chariots and rule for 200 years, Egyptians learn to fight and unite to get rid of Hyksos  New Kingdom  Saw great growth (wealth and land), Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV wanted 1 god, son-in-law Tutankhamon, Ramses II  After Ramses, invaders = Assyrians, Persians, Greeks (Alexander the Great), Queen ____tried to restore Egypt, 31 B.C. ____conquer

____ ____(merchants, artisans, doctors, skilled workers ____

 Valued as mothers and wives  Buy and sell property  In royal family, regarded as ____

 Schools first to train ____  ____didn’t attend  Learned by ____  Copying the words of the teacher as they spoke  After school, learned a trade or apprentices  ____were held in high regard

 Measured ___of squares and circles  Figure the volumes of cylinders and spheres  Predict ____  365-day calendar (about ____ years ago)  Obelisks, pyramids  Surgery, set ____, treat ____injuries

 Add a new slide to this PowerPoint to compose a well-thought out (at least) paragraph reviewing the information you learned on ancient Egypt. Your paragraph should include the following: the Nile, religion, writing, government, society, and accomplishments. Turn into the Hand Ins folder when finished. Due Monday!