The Origins of World War II Standard 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in WWII

What’s going on in the world in the 1930s?

HOT ROC ► Group Concept Map ► Share as a class WWII

Europe After WWI ► The Versailles Treaty  Germany forced to sign “war guilt” clause and pay reparations (32 billion)  Limitations on Germany’s military  Loss of all colonies

The Rise of Hitler ► 1920: The Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers' Party) founded ► Adolf Hitler ( ), a WWI veteran *don’t write down  1923: Attempts a coup, spends year in jail  Writes Mein Kampf  1930: Nazi party second largest in Germany—appeals to middle class, farmers, veterans  1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany  1934: Appointed Führer by his cabinet  1935: Violates Treaty of Versailles by building up military

Appeasement ► * don’t write down ► 1938 Germany annexed Austria with the Anschluss (political union) and looks toward the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. ► France and Soviet Union had alliances with Czechoslovakia, but unprepared for war. ► 1938 Munich Agreement—Hitler given the Sudetenland ► "I believe it is peace for our time." --Chamberlain Chamberlain and Hitler at the Munich Conference

British, July by Sir David Low

Alliance System- *See Map ► Allies:  Great Britain and France.  Later: ► U.S. ► U.S.S.R. ► Australia ► China ► Canada, etc ► Axis:  Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan  On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

British, October by Sir David Low in "The Evening Standard" Sack says "Deutshcland Uber Allies" (Germany over all) and the caption says "Europe can look forward to a Christmas of Peace - Hitler"

Homework ► Reading--origins of the war  What are three commonalities between Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler and Tojo? What was the tension between aggression and appeasement?

HOT ROC- What is Dr Seuss’ Message?

Germany invades Poland ► On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, using the false pretext of a faked "Polish attack" on a German border post. ► 1940, the Germans invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and France using “blitzkrieg” (lightning war).

Germany occupies Paris ► June 22, French sign armistice. Summer of 1940: Battle of Britain Summer of 1941: Germany attacks the Soviet Union

*London

U.S. Response ► Isolationism vs Interventionism  1936 Congress passes Neutrality Acts (prohibits selling of weapons to nations at war). ► FDR’s position  Sees Germany and Japan as threats ► FDR Actions Timeline  1938 Asks Congress for $300 million  1940 Selective Service (Draft)  1941 (January) Lend-Lease program to aid allies  1941 Embargo against Japan ► scrap metal sales, aviation fuel, all metals, chemicals, machine parts and anything that could be used for military means

Japanese militarism ► Read pgs ► Review: ► Imperial Japan in the 1930s was looking to become a world power. ► 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria and China in ► The United States and the United Kingdom reacted by  making loans to China.  providing covert military assistance, pilots and fighter aircraft to Kuomintang China.  instituting increasingly broad embargoes of raw materials and oil against Japan.

Japanese Militarism

Pearl Harbor ► December 7, 1941 ► At 6am, 6 Japanese carriers launched a first wave of 183 planes. ► Overall, 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific fleet were damaged and the death toll reached 2,403.

HW ► Homework: 1 paragraph ► 2 options  Compare/contrast Pearl Harbor and 9/11  Could WWII have been prevented?

U.S. Enters War ► December 8, 1941 FDR asks Congress for Declaration of war against Japan. ► Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. ► After Pearl Harbor, a new selective service act made men between 18 and 45 liable for military service. ► Army increases from 1.8 million in 1941 to 3.9 million by 1942

What was the U.S. fighting for? ► Revenge? ► Ideals? ► A way out of the Great Depression? ► To defeat totalitarianism and fascism?

FDR’s 4 Freedoms Speech to Congress on January 6, 1941 ► The first is freedom of speech and expression ► The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way ► The third is freedom from want ► The fourth is freedom from fear ► Your task: Create an image and slogan for the “freedom” you are assigned. This should be pasted into your notebook.

Ours…to fight for Norman Rockwell, 1943 Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Religion Freedom from FearFreedom from Want

Europe 1939