1. WORLD WAR II – PART ONE

2. Vocabulary
Dictator – leader who is not elected by the people and dominates his/her country’s government
Democracy – A form of government where the people choose their leaders through elections
Appeasement - Giving in to someone’s demands to avoid war
Isolationism – The belief in the importance of staying out of other countries’ business.
United Nations – an international organization of countries started after World War II.
Offensive – a military expansion

3. Causes of WWII in Europe
Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Failure of the League of Nations
Rise of Dictators in Europe & Japan
Hitler’s Offensive in Europe (Hitler’s desire to expand German territory)

4. Quick Quiz Define Isolationism Define Democracy Define Dictator
Define Holocaust
What were the FOUR causes of WWII in Europe?

5. 1. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty Placed the blame on Germany for WWI
Demands were too harsh on Germany
$33 Billion in Reparations-payments and transfers of property/equipment
Eliminate Air Force and Navy
Limit military to 100,000
Give up colonies and land
The Treaty was a failure because Germany violated its terms to rebuild its Military and stopped paying reparations

6. 2. Failure of the League of Nations
US did not join League
1931 – Japan took control of Manchuria and was condemned by the League so… They quit
Hitler quit the League in 1933 and broke Treaty of Versailles
Mussolini took over Ethiopia in 1936, also violating the Treaty of Versailles and the League’s demands

7. 3. The Rise of Dictators
League of Nations tried setting up democracies in Europe after World War I
HOWEVER… Economic and Social Problems occurred and people turned to dictators to solve problems
Adolf Hitler – Germany
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
Hideki Tojo – Japan
Benito Mussolini - Italy

8. 4. Hitler’s Offensive (military expansion)

9. Hitler’s Offensive (The Origins)
Germany was looking for someone to blame for their problems
Hitler brought rise to the Nazi Party
By 1933, Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany
Hitler planned to create a “supreme race” and take over Europe

10. Hitler’s Offensive (The Main Event)
1936 – Germany took over the Rhineland (part of France)
1938 – Germany took over Austria and demanded the German speaking parts of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland)
Munich Agreement: France and Britain agreed to Hitler’s takeover of Sudetenland (as long as Germany promised to not invade Poland)
Example of Appeasement
Soviet Union: Hitler and Stalin sign a “friendship pact”

12. Quick Quiz Name THREE reasons that the Treaty of Versailles failed
Name THREE reasons that the League of Nations failed
Why do you think that dictators come to power?
Name FOUR dictators (and the countries they led) that came to power in Europe and Japan.
What did Hitler do in 1936? 1938?
Explain the Munch Agreement. How is this an example of appeasement?

13. World War II Begins Germany invaded Poland on September 1st 1939
France and England declared war on Germany
By 1940, Germany invaded Denmark, Netherlands, and France, and more..
Great Britain was next…

15. The Blitzkrieg – Lightning Warfare
An important German tactic of war was The Blitzkrieg or lighting war
German planes would bombard the target to create confusion and disrupt communication
Tanks and infantry would be sent in to trap enemies
Enemies would be encircled and eliminated
Based on the elements of speed and surprise

16. Japan’s Rise
By 1937, Japan had invaded China, Korea and parts of the USSR and French Indochina
Entered “Tripartite Pact” with Germany and Italy
These 3 countries formed the Axis Powers by September 27, 1940

17. The road to U.S. involvement in WWII
American Isolationism
Neutrality Act of 1939
Building of US Military
Lend-Lease Act
The Atlantic Charter
Shoot on Sight
Japanese Imperialism and the Attack on Pearl Harbor

18. Quick Quiz How did WWII begin? What did Germany do? When?
Who declared War on Germany?
Briefly explain the Blitzkrieg
What countries was Japan invading during this time?
Who was in the “Tripartite Pact”? What was this pact called later?
Explain the EIGHT steps on the road to U.S. involvment in WWII

19. 1. Examples of American Isolationism
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Signed by 62 nations
Said that war would not be used as national policy
Nye Committee Findings on WWI
U.S. was dragged into WWI by “merchants of death”
Led to strong anti-war feeling in U.S.
Neutrality Acts of 1935,1936, 1937
Passed by Congress beginning in 1935
Outlawed arms sales and loans to warring nations including civil wars

20. 2. Neutrality Act of 1939 Only sounded “neutral”
Key piece of Act was the..
Cash-and-Carry Policy
Nations at war could buy US arms
Must pay cash and carry them on own ships
Mostly benefited France and Britain

21. 3. Building U.S. Defenses 1940 Congress boosted defense spending
Selective Training
and Service Act
1st peacetime draft
Age 21 – 35 had to register
1 million were drafted for 1-year service

22. 4. Lend-Lease Act 1940 – Britain ran out of cash Lend or lease arms
“Any country whose defense was vital to the United States”
Lend-Lease Act passed March 1941
Immediately began helping Great Britain
June 1941 – Sent aid to Soviet Union

23. 5. Atlantic Charter
Secret meeting between Churchill (Britain) and Roosevelt (US) on USS Augusta
Agreement made – both countries will support:
Collective Security
Disarmament
Self-determination
Economic cooperation
Freedom of the Seas
Was the beginnings of the United Nations

24. 6. Shoot on Sight
German Policy of attacking U.S. ships in the Atlantic.
Four ships attacked in 1941 alone
Roosevelt Responds
“America has been attacked. The shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired the first shot.”

25. 7. Japanese Imperialism Japanese Imperialism US Responded
Invaded Manchuria in 1937
Invaded French Indochina
Only U.S. in their way
US Responded
Cut off trade including oil
Japan needed oil to keep going
November 5, 1941 – Tojo orders Japanese military to plan for attack

26. 7. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, 1941
180 Japanese war planes
6 aircraft carriers
Killed 2,403 Americans less than 100 Japanese
Damaged 21 ships and over 300 planes

27. Pearl Harbor before the Attack

28. The United States Enters WWII
Roosevelt immediately declared war on Japan (with the approval of congress)
Italy and Germany immediately declared war on America
Axis Powers- Italy, Germany, and Japan
Allied Powers- Britain, Soviet Union, United States (France)

29. Important Information/
Quick Quiz
Explain THREE facts about EACH part of the road from Isolationism to US involvement in World War II
Road to World War II
Important Information/
Facts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7