Science 7.  Explain why biologists classify organisms.  Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.  List characteristics.

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Presentation transcript:

Science 7

 Explain why biologists classify organisms.  Relate the levels of classification to the relationships between organisms.  List characteristics used to classify organisms into groups, including domains and kingdoms.

 Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.  Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

 The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.  Taxonomists sometimes change the way they classify an organism when new evidence such as DNA shows that the organism belongs in a different group.

 Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, developed a system of naming organisms that is still used today.  Binomial nomenclature is the naming system developed by Linnaeus. The word bionomial means two names.

 The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its genus. A genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.  The second word in a scientific name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism (where it lives, appearance).  The two words together indicate a unique species. Felis domesticus Felis concolor

 Binomial nomenclature makes it easy for scientists to communicate because everyone uses the same name for the same organism, regardless of what language they speak.

 The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.

1. Domain-highest level 2. Kingdom- make up domains 3. Phyla- make up kingdoms 4. Classes- make up phyla 5. Orders- make up classes 6. Families- make up orders 7. Genera- each family contains one or more genera. 8. Species- each genera contains one or more species.

 Domain= Eukarya  Kingdom= Animalia  Phylum= Chordata  Class= Mammalia  Order= Primates  Family= Hominidae  Genus= Homo  Species= Homo sapiens

 Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.

 Members of the domain bacteria are prokaryotes.  Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.

 Include, seaweed, mushrooms, tomatoes, dogs, and people.  Organisms in this domain are eukaryotes, organisms with cells that contain nuclei.  Scientists classify organisms into one of 4 kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, and animals.