1. Chapter 2
Section 2

2. Friday, 9/18 Warm-Up: Please have a seat and take your LROD paper out.
Write the HW in your planner
Learning Goal(s): Explain why scientists classify living things.
Agenda:
Warm-Up/Review Tonight’s HW
Pass back the Chapter 2, Section 1 Quiz
Finish class notes/discussion for Section 2.2
Complete graphic organizer for Section 2.2
Begin working on the Section 2.2 Review and Reinforce
HW: Chapter 2, Section 1 and 2 Test on Wednesday, 9/23 – take some time to study this weekend!

3. Why do scientists classify?
Classification: the process of grouping things based on their similarities
Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study
The scientific study of how living things are classified is called TAXONOMY
Once a scientist classifies an organism, they know a lot more about the organisms
For example…a bird… what do we know??

4. The Naming system linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus--- botanist, physician, zoologist (1750s)
Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on observable features
The same classification system is still used today!!
Each organisms got a two-part scientific name = BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
What does “binomial” mean?!

5. Genus and Species
Binomial nomenclature, the two parts of the name are the
Genus (genera)
Species
What’s the difference?
GENUS: is a classification grouping that contains SIMILAR, closely related organisms.
Example: pumas, jaguar, tiger, house cats (genus: Felis)
SPECIES: is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce
Example: the name includes where it lives or its appearance

6. binomial nomenclature RULES
A complete scientific name is written in italics
Only the first letter of the first word is CAPITALIZED
Genus species (Correct way to write it!)
RIGHT!!!
Carcharodon carcharias
(Great White Shark)
Felis Concolor
(Puma)
caretta caretta
(Loggerhead Turtle)
WRONG!!!
WRONG!!!

7. Why binomial nomenclature?
Easy for scientists to communicate
Written in one language, LATIN (language scientists used at that time)
Scientists around the world use the same name for the same organism
Example---
We call this animal a woodchuck, groundhog, or whistlepig… why not give it one universal name?
Marmota monax

8. Levels of classification
There are 8 levels of classification
BROAD >>>>>> MORE SPECIFIC
The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common. (page 46)

9. Classification SYSTEM

10. How am I going to remember the Levels in order?
Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?

11. Domains and Kingdoms Three domains: BACTERIA, ARCHAE, EUKARYA
Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on
CELL TYPE
THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD
NUMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES

12. bacteria Are all around you! Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus, therefore the nucleic acids float in the cell
What is a NUCLEUS?
Dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids
Compare it to a captain of a team

13. Archae Found in EXTREME environments
Examples: hot springs, very salty water, swamps, and intestines of cows
Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic
Unicellular prokaryotes (similar to bacteria)
Archae means “ancient”
Similar conditions of ancient Earth
Dead Sea

14. Domain Eukarya Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells that contain nuclei
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

15. Protists Can be both autotroph OR heterotroph
Can be both unicellular OR multicellular (seaweeds)
“odds and ends”

16. fungi Mushrooms, mildew, and molds
Can be both multicellular OR unicellular (yeast for breads)
ONLY HETEROTROPHS

17. Plants Animals All multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs
All MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHS
Plants provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land
All multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs
Animals