VERB TENSE.

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Presentation transcript:

VERB TENSE

Definition of Tense TENSE indicates the time of action or state of being indicated by the verb. English has 6 tenses 3 basic tenses 3 perfect tense Each tense also has progressive form Each tense is used to express time in a specific way

Three Basic Tenses Past Present Future

Basic tenses - Why do I use them? Present: an action or state of being that is occurring right now at the present AND to show a habitual action or state of being I walk to school every day. to state a general truth Two plus two equals four. to summarize literary action. In Chapter 3, Nick meets Gatsby. to express basic future time School ends in June. Past: an action or state of being that occurred at a definite point in the past AND did not continue into the present. Future: an action or state of being that will occur; usually formed with helping verb will or shall + the base form.

Basic Tenses: How do I use them? Person Present (Base) Past Future 1st person singular: I walk walked will walk 2nd person singular: you 3rd person singular: he, she, or it walks 1st person plural: we 2nd person plural: you 3rd person plural: they

Three Perfect Tenses Past Present Future Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect

Perfect tenses - Why do I use them? Present perfect: expresses an action or state of being that occurred at an indefinite time in the past OR an action that began in the past and continues into the present. formed: have/has + past participle She has visited New York several times. I have walked to school since freshman year. Past perfect: expresses an action or a state of being that ended BEFORE another past action. formed: had + past participle Mr. Smith had driven a taxi before he became a teacher. Future perfect: expresses an action or state of being that will end before another future action formed: will or shall + have/has + past participle. By the time you receive this postcard, I will have returned home from my vacation.

How do I form perfect tenses? Person Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect 1st person singular: I have walked had walked will have walked 2nd person singular: you 3rd person singular: he, she, or it has walked 1st person plural: we 2nd person plural: you 3rd person plural: they

Remember in Slide #2, I referred to a progressive form? The progressive form is used to express continuing action or state of being Walk ==> walking (present participle) present progressive: am/are/is + present participle past progressive: was/were + present participle future progressive: will/shall + be + present participle present perfect progressive: have/has + been + present participle past perfect progressive: had + been + present participle future perfect progressive: will/shall + have/has + been + present participle

Consistency of Tense Do not change tense unnecessarily. When describing events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense. When describing events that occur at different times, use verbs in different tenses to help indicate the sequence of events.

What about these helping verbs (called modals)? CAN and COULD --> indicate ability to do something MAY --> expresses permission or possibility MIGHT --> also expresses possibility, but less likely than MAY MUST --> indicates a requirement or an explanation OUGHT --> expresses an obligation or likelihood SHOULD --> indicates a recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility WOULD --> expresses the conditional form of a verb; used with IF future time a repeated action in the past an invitation or offer a polite request