1. Aug 2011 PRESENT, PAST and FUTURE
April 19
TENSES
PRESENT, PAST and FUTURE
April 19
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

2. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
The main TENSES
The Present- refer to present time
He gets up early in the morning.
The sun sets in the west.
The Past- refer to past time
He met me in the party yesterday.
The boys were flying kites.
The Future- refer to future time
The children will play.
He will be teaching the class.
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

3. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Simple Present Tense
To express a habitual action.
To express general truths.
Examples:
She Takes exercise everyday..
I go to bed at 10 O’clock.
Two and two make four.
The sun rises in the east.
RULES:
* Present form of the verb
* ‘s’ or ‘es’ – 3rd person singular (she, he, it) & they (not included plural)
* 2nd person (You)
* 1st person (I, We)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

4. Present Continuous Tense
To express an action which is going on at the same time of speaking.
To express an action that is planned to take place in the near future.
Examples:
The children are playing.
My Mother is cooking.
She is going to her aunt’s house in the evening.
My son is arriving tomorrow.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb+ing
*is/am/are
*are—plural subjects (we, they) & you (included)
*is--- singular (she, he, it)
*am--- I
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

5. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Present Perfect Tense
To indicate an actions just completed.
To express those past actions whose time is not definite.
Examples:
I have taken my breakfast.
My father has left for office.
She has already passed this test.
I have seen this movie.
RULES:
*Past participate form of the verb
*Has or Have
*‘has’—3rd person singular (she, he, it)
*‘have’--- other subjects (you, we, they, I)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

6. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
To denote an action which began in the past and still continuing.
Examples:
We have been studying for five hours.
The girls have been dancing since two O’clock.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb+ing
*‘has been’ or ‘have been’
*‘has been’—3rd person singular (she, he, it)
*‘have been’---all other subjects (they, we, you, I)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

7. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Past Tense
To indicate an action completed in the past.
To indicate past habits.
Examples:
She met me in the party yesterday.
I visited my home town last month.
We practised mathematics for hours.
She saw a movie once a week.
RULE:
*Past form of the verb
*irregular & regular forms
(meet-met) (visit-visited)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

8. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Past Continuous Tense
To denote an action going on in the past.
To denote a continuous/persistent habit in the past.
Examples:
The children were playing.
The teacher was evaluating the answer sheets.
He was always disturbing me.
She was always listening to the music.
RULES:
*‘was’ or ‘were’
* verb+ing
*‘was’—singular subjects (she, he, it)
*‘were’– plural subjects (we, they)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

9. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Past Perfect Tense
To describe the action in the past which was completed before another action of the past.
Examples:
The students had done their work when the teacher entered the classroom.
She had cooked the food when the guests arrived.
RULES:
*Past participle form of the verb
*‘had’ with all the subjects
*Another clause of past simple tense to show the action which happened later.
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
To describe an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.
Examples:
She had been studying in UPM since 2007.
We had been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
She had been learning piano for 6 months.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb+ing
*‘had been’ with all the subjects
* since/for
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

11. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Simple Future Tense
To describe an action that will take place in future.
Examples:
We shall play a match tomorrow.
They will come back next week.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb
*‘shall’ or ‘will’
*‘shall’—1st person (We, I)
*‘will’--- all other subjects (they, you, he, she, it)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

12. Future Continuous Tense
To denote an action which will be going on at some time in future.
To denote future events that are planned.
Examples:
The teacher will be teaching the class.
The boys will be studying.
He will be staying with me for one month.
She will be joining us next week.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb+ing
*‘shall be’ or ‘will be’
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

13. Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza
Future Perfect Tense
To describe the completion of an action by a certain time in future.
Examples:
We shall have completed our homework by five O’clock.
My mother will have cooked food.
RULES:
*Past participle form of the verb
*‘shall have’ or ‘will have’
*‘shall have’— (I, We)
*‘will have’--- (They, you, it, she, he)
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza

14. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
To denote that action which will begin in future and will be continuing in future at a particular time.
Examples:
The child will have been playing since morning.
I shall have been doing my homework for two hours.
RULES:
*Present form of the verb+ing
*‘shall have been’ or ‘will have been’
*‘since’ or ‘for’
4/6/2019
Miss Siti Fatimah Murtaza