16 Century Medicine “A plague o’ both your houses,”(Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet) Alyssa and Kayla

Plague People were told to stay inside no cure people would die spread easily

Bubonic Plague (Black death) Symptoms of bubonic plague: Chills Fever Muscle pain Headache Seizures Treatment for bubonic plague: Need immediate treatment, if not treated within 24 hours, death may occur Antibiotics

Measles and Melancholy Symptoms of measles: People mistake it for smallpox Bloodshot eyes Rash Sore throat White spots inside the mouth Treatment for Measles: No specific treatment Bed rest Tylenol Melancholy thought to have been caused by black bile or a bad conscience for black bile people would blood let, purge, and stay in pleasant surroundings for a bad conscious faith in god was recommended writer thought that it was caused by excessive passion love sickness other mental disturbances

Treatment for syphilis: Symptoms of syphilis: Fever Sore throat Vague feeling of weakness Weightloss Patchy hair loss Treatment for syphilis: there is no home treatment need prescribed medicine from doctor antibiotics blood tests are required

Influenza Symptoms of influenza: Infection through nose, throat and lungs Flu like symptoms Headache Bodychills Sore throat/ dry cough Treatment for influenza: Tylenol Advil Lots of rest Drink a lot of liquids Don’t drink/ smoke

Scarlet fever Symptoms of scarlet fever: Rash (spreads all over body within two days) high fever caused by bacteria in strep throat most often occurs between ages 2-10 Treatment for Scarlet fever: antibiotics Treatment can include: ear infections kidney damage liver damage

Treatment of smallpox: Smallpox and Malaria Symptoms of smallpox: Backache Highly infections Burning fever followed by an eruption of multiple pustules Vomiting 30% of the time death occurs Treatment of smallpox: If smallpox vaccine is given within 1-4 days it could be stopped or make it less severe There is no specific drug to treat it Antibiotics may shorten duration of the disease Symptoms of malaria: High fevers Shaking chill Nausea Sweating/ Vomiting Flu like symptoms Treatment of malaria: Different drugs for each stage of the malaria Primaquine Chloroquine Mefloquine

Midwifery women that helped during childbirth higher class with husband in high power respectable women in the community when they arrived the father would have to leave the room Would bring the child to the priest

Ill Children mortality rate was 140 out of 1000 live births Average mother had 7-8 children within five years dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, influenza, smallpox, and pneumonia killed 30% of kids before age 15 would often be treated by mothers, sisters, and wives laxatives, bloodletting (cutting a vein open with a lancet) and forced vomiting (emetics) were the common treatments for illness

Herbal Remedies Therapeutic way for physicians, midwives, and women at home to treat families and friends remedies that were made of herbs, plants and flowers

Astrological Medicine believed that a person's zodiac sign inclined a person to incline different illnesses and diseases they also thought it had something to do with the four temperaments choleric(bad tempered; irritable) melancholy(gloomy state of mind;depressed) sanguine(optimistic or positive) Phlegmatic(calm, cool, and composed)

Surgery Use knives for blood letting when muskets were made this brought up a new problem since they now had holes instead of slashes Amputation was a major surgery back then other procedures were too dangerous to perform due to the fact that there was no anesthetics

First of Blood Transfusion First done with 2 dogs quill was inserted into mastiff that was then attached to a spaniel who was cut letting out blood. The mastiff bleed to death but the spaniel was seen weeks later doing well. A Bolder attempt was later done on a 15 year old boy who had lost a lot of blood due to blood letting through a quill he was given a pint of lambs blood seen weeks later greatly improved

Bloodletting believed that blood was made of four different humors or substances yellow bile also known mucus blake bile blood each had said properties of hot/cold and dry/wet Localized bloodletting scraped skin placed heated cup to extract the air Leeches sucked the blood out of an inflamed organ *Each humor was centred in a particular organ—brain, lung, spleen, and gall bladder *Being ill meant having an imbalance of the four humors *The hot and wet humor of blood and the hot and dry humor of yellow bile were believed to be naturally stronger in the young. Occasionally if these humors were not weakened and released from the body in the form of sweat, tears, urine, feces, or even sneezing, * localized blood letting was when a doctor would take a little box with little knives in it and scrape a persons arm. they would then put a heated cup over the cuts to make a vacuum like setting and suck the air out. * Doc. also used leeches. they thought that were fevers were due to the inflammation of an organ. they would place a leech over the organ and it would suck blood out of it

Works Cited Gascoigne, Bamber. "HISTORY OF MEDICINE." HISTORY OF MEDICINE. N.p., 2001. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Gershman, Charles. "Medicine in the Time of Shakespeare." Capsule Autumn 2012. Yale, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. Greenstone, Gerry, MD. "The History of Bloodletting." Home Page. BCMJ, Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2014. Kontoyannis, Maria, and Christos Katsetos. "Midwives in Early Modern Europe (1400-1800)." HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL. Health Science Journal, 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. Lynda Payne, "Health in England (16th–18th c.)," in Children and Youth in History, Item #166, https://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/teaching-modules/166 (accessed March 21, 2014). "Medicine in Shakespeare’s London." Shakespeare at Yale RSS. Yale University, 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.

Works Cited "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Mar. 2014. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/>. "Children and Youth in History." Omeka RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <https://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/teaching-modules/166>. "Plague." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://www.who.int/topics/plague/en/>. "Bubonic Plague& The Black Death." Bubonic Plague and the Black Death. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-bubonic-plague-black-death.htm>. "Smallpox: The Threat." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 30 July 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. "Measles." Measles. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 08 Jan. 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.