The Atlantic Revolutions AP World Mr. Owen and Sr. Colden Spring 2014

Introduction The French Revolution was the centerpiece of a revolutionary process all around the Atlantic world between 1775 and 1875 Atlantic revolutions had an impact far beyond the Atlantic world

More Intro The revolutions of North America, Europe, Haiti, and Latin America influenced each other. Similarities:

The French Revolution

The French Monarchy: Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Louis XIV Louis XVI

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

The Estates of France The First Estate The Second Estate The Third Estate

Old Regime Pie Chart

The forces that made Revolution Possible Long Term Causes Population Growth Expansion of the Middle Class Rise of informed public opinion Immediate Causes Financial Issues Weather / Employment Nobles refuse

The French Urban Poor

aUrban Commoner’s Budget: Food 80%Food 80% Rent 25%Rent 25% Tithe 10%Tithe 10% Taxes 35%Taxes 35% Clothing 20%Clothing 20% TOTAL 170%TOTAL 170% aKing’s Budget: Interest 50%Interest 50% Army 25%Army 25% Versailles 25%Versailles 25% Coronation 10%Coronation 10% Loans 25%Loans 25% Admin. 25%Admin. 25% TOTAL 160%TOTAL 160% Financial Problems in France, 1789

Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

The Estates General Background Early Issues How to Vote

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head!

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

The Estates General June 17 th, 1789 National Assembly formed June 20 th National Assembly Locked OUT!!! Tennis Court Oath

“Tennis Court Oath”

Paris Speaks: The Fall of the Bastille, July 14, 1789 Current state of Paris Jacques Necker Fired July 14, Bastille falls

Storming the Bastille!

From Monarchy to Republic

The Revolution of Rights and Reason Great Fear End of Feudalism Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Constitution and Church Constitution Church Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July 1790)

The Monarchy Humiliated: The October Days

Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy The Three Problems of the New Regime The financial crisis that plagued the monarchy The Continuing agitation in Paris The King’s refusal to play the part the Revolution assigned him

The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy The financial crisis that plagued the monarchy –The sale of land doesn’t really help out the Government much –1790 “Civil Constitution of the Clergy” –New currency was created called Assignats –Inflation

The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy The Continuing agitation in Paris –revolutionary subculture  Sans-Culottes Professional agitators are born –Jacques Hebert –George Danton –Jean-Paul Marat –Camille Desmoulins

The Failure of the Constitutional Monarchy The King’s refusal to play the part the Revolution assigned him –Louis XVI kept in contact with people not considered friendly to the Revolution –In June 1791 He tries to escape Caught at Varennes

War, Terror, and Dictatorship The Legislative Assembly replaces the Constituent Assembly in October 1791 The new dominant faction within the Legislative Assembly is the “Gironde” –Leaders: Vergniaud, Isnard, and Jacques Pierre Brissot

War, Terror, and Dictatorship War –The Threat –Why was is possible? –Response –April 1792 France declares war on Austria

The Fall of the Monarchy: August – September 1792 Causes: Austria-Prussia seize key border fortress of Verdun September Massacres

Guillotine Dr. Joseph Guillotin

The Convention Executes the King November 1792 letters of correspondence found at Tulleries Robespierre wants Louis XVI executed January 21, 1793  King Louis XVI was sent to Guillotine

The Haitian Revolution

Background French Revolution sparked it off

The Haitian Revolution A unique revolution Haiti’s success generated great hope and great fear.

Spanish American Revolution

Origins of revolution Reasons why Latin American independence movements were limited at first

Spanish American Revolution Creole elites had revolution thrust upon them by events in Europe. Longer process than in North America

Spanish American Revolution Nativism Difficulties uniting Spanish colonies

Spanish American Revolution Results