Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Topic 19 : Management and Leadership By Zhu Wenzhong

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Explain the functions of management Explain the functions of management Explain the qualities of leadership Explain the qualities of leadership State the three major styles of leadership State the three major styles of leadership State the factors that may affect leadership styles State the factors that may affect leadership styles LEARNING GOALS

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. What is management and leadership? Management: managers responsible for getting things done, usually through other people Management: managers responsible for getting things done, usually through other people or the process of realizing organizational objectives through people and other resources. or the process of realizing organizational objectives through people and other resources. Management in all business areas and organizational activities refers to the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Management in all business areas and organizational activities refers to the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.planningorganizingstaffingleadingcontrollingorganizationplanningorganizingstaffingleadingcontrollingorganization © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. What is management and leadership? Leadership: being a leader or the ability to be a leader in an organization. Leadership is stated as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Leadership: being a leader or the ability to be a leader in an organization. Leadership is stated as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. The functions of management Planning: Planning: Organizing Organizing Commanding Commanding Coordinating Coordinating Motivating Motivating Controlling Controlling © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Qualities of leadership Key leadership qualities positive self image Clear vision Innovative ideas to problems Quickly sense and respond to changes

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Question for critical thinking Do you think managers are the same as leaders? If not, explain the possible differences between them. Do you think managers are the same as leaders? If not, explain the possible differences between them. © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of leadership style Autocratic leadership style Autocratic leadership style Democratic leadership style: Democratic leadership style: persuasive persuasive or consultative or consultative Laissez-faire leadership style Laissez-faire leadership style © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Leadership styles A leadership style where the leader makes all decisions independently or without consulting with others A leadership style where the leader makes all decisions independently or without consulting with others Advantages: good in certain circumstances, such as urgent tasks or military actions Advantages: good in certain circumstances, such as urgent tasks or military actions Disadvantages: poor decisions, poor level of employee motivation Disadvantages: poor decisions, poor level of employee motivation Autocratic

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Leadership styles A leadership style where a leader encourages employee participation in decision-making A leadership style where a leader encourages employee participation in decision-making persuasive or consultative persuasive or consultative Advantages: better decisions, employee motivation Advantages: better decisions, employee motivation Disadvantages: delayed decision, long consultation Disadvantages: delayed decision, long consultation Autocratic Democratic

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. A leadership style where employees are encouraged to make their own decisions within limits. Advantages: more freedom for employees Disadvantages: few guidelines, little incentive, poor motivation, maybe a mess Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire © PhotoDisc Leadership styles

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Question for critical thinking Leadership styles are also described by some researchers as the following: telling leadership, selling leadership, participating leadership, and delegating leadership. Could you try to explain them? Leadership styles are also described by some researchers as the following: telling leadership, selling leadership, participating leadership, and delegating leadership. Could you try to explain them? © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Managers as Leaders Leadership Styles Autocratic leadership — boss makes decisions on their own without consulting employees Democratic leadership — involves subordinates in making decisions

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Managers as Leaders Leadership Styles Free-reign leadership — leader believes in minimal supervision, leaving most decisions to subordinates Empowerment — practice in which managers lead employees by sharing power, responsibility, and decision making with them

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparison of Leadership Styles

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Factors affecting leadership styles The task The task The tradition of an organization The tradition of an organization The type of labor force The type of labor force The leader’s personality The leader’s personality The time The time Gender? Gender? © PhotoDisc

Copyright © 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Managers as Leaders Which Leadership Style Is Best? Depends on function of the leader, subordinates, and situation Some leaders can ’ t work well with high participation of subordinates Some employees lack the ability or desire to assume responsibility Participative decision making may be better when time pressure is not acute