1. Unit 2.4 Leadership and Management

2. Introduction Leadership art of influence Management science of reason ◦ Senior Management ◦ Middle Management ◦ Junior/Supervisory Management

3. Nature of Leadership Official Leader given formal authority over others Informal Leader natural way of influencing people

4. Nature of Management Henri Fayol Traditional Functions of Managers ◦ Planning ◦ Organizing ◦ Commanding ◦ Coordinating ◦ Controlling Henry Mintzberg Roles of Managers ◦ Interpersonal Role ◦ Informational Role ◦ Decision-Making Role Tasks of Managers ◦ Routine Tasks ◦ Planning Tasks ◦ Communication Tasks

5. Management vs. Leadership Not all leaders are managers. Not all managers are effective leaders. Effective managers are also effective leaders. Effective management and leadership leads to a motivated and more productive workforce.

6. Leadership Styles Autocratic Paternalistic Democratic Laissez-fiar

7. Autocratic Leadership Manager makes all decisions Minimal delegation of responsibility Ideal when critical decisions must be made or with an unskilled workforce. Top-down communication limits valuable feedback and leads to employee resentment.

8. Paternalistic Leadership Very similar to autocratic leadership. Difference is that the leader demonstrates a sense of caring for subordinates. Yet minimal responsibility is delegated and leader still makes all decisions.

9. Democratic Leadership Leader discusses and involves employees in decision making. Improves moral and motivation of employees. Ideal when the leader cannot always be present for decisions to be made. Delays decision making and difficult with a large workforce.

10. Laissez-fair Intentional lack of involvement by the leader. Subordinates given responsibility to best decide how to meet the objectives set forth by the leader. High levels of staff motivation. Ideal for skilled workers, especially in jobs that require creativity. Encourages slack and makes organization wide decision making very time consuming.

11. Situational Leadership No single approach to leadership. Leaders adapt their style to best fit the situation. Factors affecting leadership style: ◦ Culture ◦ Leader ◦ Organization ◦ Task ◦ Subordinates