Multiple Intelligences USE YOUR BRAIN Multiple Intelligences

Definition A cognitive model of learning theory seeking to describe how individuals use their intelligences to solve problems and fashion approaches. Intelligence has more to do with the capacity for solving problems and fashioning products in a naturalistic setting. Not isolated tasks in unrealistic setting. More than an IQ score.

Key Points in This Theory 1. Each person possesses all 8 intelligences. 2. Most people can develop each intelligence to an adequate level. 3. Intelligences usually work together in complex ways. 4. There are many ways to be intelligent within each category.

Main Factors for Development of Intelligences Biological endowment Personal life history Cultural and historical background

Environmental Influences on Development of Intelligences Access to resources or mentors Historical-cultural factors Geographic factors Familial factors Situational factors

8 Intelligences – by Dr. Howard Gardner Linguistic Logical/ Mathematical Spatial Bodily/ Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Multiple intelligences manifest themselves in many ways. The next few slides show some examples of famous people and their dominant intelligence.

Who Is Intelligent?

8 Intelligences – by Dr. Howard Gardner Linguistic Logical / Mathematical Spatial Bodily/ Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Can You Define Intelligence? Toni Morrison Linguistic Intelligence Skilled with words “The Word Player” Nobel Laureate in Literature in 1993 Pulitzer Prize in 1988 Born: 1931, Lorain, OH, U.S.A Residence: U.S.A Novels The Bluest Eye. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston 1970 Sula. New York: Knopf 1973 Song of Solomon. New York: Knopf 1977 Tar Baby. New York: Knopf 1981 Beloved. New York: Knopf 1987 Jazz. New York: Knopf 1992 Plays Dreaming Emmet (performed 1986, but unpublished) Essays Playing in the Dark-Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Harvard University Press 1992. Racing Justice, Engendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas and the Others on the Constructing of Social Reality. Ed. and introduction Toni Morrison, Chatto and Windus 1992.

Can You Define Intelligence? Albert Einstein Logical/Mathematical Intelligence Skilled with numbers & reasoning “The Questioner” TIME magazine’s most important person of the century. “…Only recently Canadian researchers, probing those pickled remains, found that he had an unusually large inferior parietal lobe--a center of mathematical thought and spatial imagery--and shorter connections between the frontal and temporal lobes…”

Can You Define Intelligence? Milton Caniff Spatial Intelligence Skilled with pictures & images “The Visualizer” Born February 28, 1907, this Hillsboro, Ohio native graduated from Ohio State University in 1930. Moving to New York City in 1932, he secured a job with the Associated Press Syndicate and created his first strip, "The Gay Thirties”. In 1933 he created his first popular character in "Dickie Dare", an adventure strip featuring a small boy. The following year, when Captain Joseph Patterson was looking for an artist/writer to create a new adventure strip for the Daily News, he tapped Caniff, who in turn created "Terry & the Pirates", and the rest is history. “Terry & the Pirates” was an immediate smash hit when it debuted on October 22, 1934, and it's success propelled Caniff forever into the eyes of the American public.

Can You Define Intelligence? Cy Young Bodily/ Kinesthetic Intelligence Physical skill “The Mover” FULL NAME: Denton True Young (1867 -1955) Got the nickname "Cy" because of his cyclone-like fastball. Made his major league debut at the age of 23 for Cleveland against Chicago. He pitched a three-hitter and won the game 8-1. He pitched for 22 years and won 511 games which is still a record today. He also holds the record for most losses in a career with 313. He holds the major league record for complete games with 751. He holds the major league record for innings pitched with 7,356. He is fourth on the all time list for shutouts with 76. He won 20 or more games in sixteen seasons. He won 30 or more games in five seasons. He started 40 or more games eleven times in his career.

Can You Define Intelligence? Doris Day Musical Intelligence Skilled with melody & rhythm “The Music Lover” Born Doris Mary Ann von Kappelhoff in Cincinatti, Ohio on April 3, 1924, she had originally hoped to be a ballet dancer. That dream died when she was seriously injured in an automobile accident and was hospitalized for a year at the age of 14, just after winning a talent contest as a dancer. But she didn't let that stop her. She took singing lessons, and got jobs singing with bands in the 1940s, including Bob Crosby and Les Brown. She later appeared with Frank Sinatra and Artie Shaw on "Saturday Night Hit Parade." She first appeared on film in 1948, in "Romance on the High Seas," when Betty Hutton was unable to do the part. She lent her talents to a string of Warner Brothers light musical comedies from 1949 to 1955, including "It's a Great Feeling," "My Dream Is Yours," "Tea for Two," "The West Point Story," "Lullaby of Broadway," "On Moonlight Bay," "April in Paris," "I'll See You in My Dreams," "By the Light of the Silvery Moon," "Lucky Me," and "Young at Heart." Her most memorable films during this period were probably "Calamity Jane" (1953), Alfred Hitchcock's remake of "The Man Who Knew Too Much" (1956), in which she appeared with Jimmy Stewart and sang what was to become her trademark song, "Que, Sera, Sera," and 1957's "The Pajama Game," the Broadway hit that featured brilliant choreography by Bob Fosse.

Can You Define Intelligence? James A. Garfield Interpersonal Intelligence Skills of social understanding “The Socializer” He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1831. Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education. He was graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and he returned to the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (later Hiram College) in Ohio as a classics professor. Within a year he was made its president. At the 1880 Republican Convention, Garfield failed to win the Presidential nomination for his friend John Sherman. Finally, on the 36th ballot, Garfield himself became the "dark horse" nominee. By a margin of only 10,000 popular votes, Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock.

Can You Define Intelligence? Helen Keller Intrapersonal Intelligence Skills of self-knowledge “The Individual” Meet Helen Keller (1880-1968), a woman from the small farm town of Tuscumbia, Alabama, who taught the world to respect people who are blind and deaf. Her mission came from her own life; when she was 1 1/2, she was extremely ill, and she lost both her vision and hearing. It was like entering a different world, with completely new rules, and she got very frustrated. By the time she was 7, her parents had hired a tutor named Anne Sullivan. Ms. Keller was an American Author, political activist, lecturer and prolific author. She was the first deaf/blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree. Her story was made into the play and movie of the same title, The Miracle Worker.

Can You Define Intelligence? Sacagawea Naturalistic Intelligence Skills of making connection to elements in nature “The Outdoorsman” Sacajawea was born about 1790 in what is now the state of Idaho. She was Shoshone. Sacagawea was stolen during a raid by a Hidatsa tribe when she was a young girl and taken to their village near what is now Bismark, N. Dakota. Some time afterward the French-Canadian trapper and fur trader, Charbonneau bought Sacajawea and her companion, Otter Woman, as wives. When her husband joined the expedition at Fort Mandan in the Dakotas, Sacajawea was about 16 years old and pregnant. Sacajawea's baby, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, was born in 1805. After the expedition was over in the summer of 1806, Sacajawea, her husband and son remained at Fort Mandan where Lewis and Clark had found them.

Linguistic Intelligence If you have strong linguistic intelligence you might learn better by – Reading Memorizing Playing word games (Scrabble, Anagrams, Password) Making up rhymes, puns Using the Internet

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence If you have strong logical/mathematical intelligence you might learn better by – Recording information systematically Setting up experiments (“What if…?”) Playing strategy games (Chess, Checkers, Stratego) Analyzing data Asking logical questions Using the Internet

Spatial Intelligence If you have strong spatial intelligence you might learn better by – Studying pictures Watching videos Using visual, tangible aids Doing mazes, puzzles Making predictions Using the internet

Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence If you have strong bodily/kinesthetic intelligence you might learn better by – Doing role plays Constructing physical examples Exercising while reviewing Visiting museums, institutions, parks Asking logical questions Using the Internet

Musical Intelligence If you have strong musical intelligence you might learn better by – Listening to recordings Talking to yourself Making up songs Mentally repeating information Reading aloud Changing tempo

Interpersonal Intelligence If you have strong interpersonal intelligence you might learn better by – Studying in groups Comparing information with others Interviewing experts Relating personal experiences Being a team player Doing cooperative projects

Intrapersonal Intelligence If you have strong intrapersonal intelligence you might learn better by – Avoiding distractions Establishing personal goals Playing solitary games Working alone Setting your own pace Relating personal experiences

Naturalistic Intelligence If you have strong naturalistic intelligence you might learn better by – Studying outside Learning in the presence of plants & pets Relating environmental issues to topics Smelling, seeing, touching, tasting, hearing Observing natural phenomenon

Use Your Dominant Intelligence to Your Advantage If what you are studying is easy for you, you are probably drawing on one of your well-developed intelligences. Plan to spend more time studying for courses that do not utilize your dominant intelligence.

Study Smarter If you find that you are having difficulty mastering or understanding your coursework, you may be dealing with material that calls on one of your less-developed intelligences. (Revisit the study suggestions for your dominant intelligence to give you a boost.) You have the intelligence to do this!