Hydro Electricity Generation

What is Hydroelectricity?  the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water  Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water

History

 In 19 th century, Electrical Generator was developed.  In 1878 the world's first hydroelectric power scheme was developed at Crag side in Northumberland.

 Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882,

 Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricityNiagra Falls  Hoover Dam's(U.S) initial 1,345 MW power station was the world's largest hydroelectric power station in 1936.

Structural Overview

Basic Structure

Classification of hydropower plants According to Capacity Large Medium Small Mini Micro Pico According to head High Medium Low According to purpose Single purpose Multi purpose According to facility types Run-of- River Reservoirs Tidal Pumped storage According to hydrological relation Single Cascade According to transmission system Isolated Connected to grid

Types of Hydroelectric Power Plants  Conventional Dams  Pumped-Storage  Run of River.  Tide Power Hydroelectricity  Underground Hydroelectricity

Conventional Dam

Pumped Storage

Run of The River

Tide Power Hydroelectricity

Power Plant Layout

How Electricity Generate

Six Important Components 1)Dam 2) Water Reservoir 3) Intake or Control Gates 4) The Penstock 5) Water Turbines 6) Generators

Types Of Turbine Turbines Impulse Type Pelton Cross Flow Reaction Type PropellerFrancisKinetic

Basic Parts Of Generator & Turbine GeneratorTurbine RotorRunner Blades StatorSpiral Case ShaftWicket Gates Guided BearingDraft Tube ExciterRunner Cone Hydraulic Brecks

Governor System  To control the opening and closing of Wicket gates  To stabilizing Frequency  To control the Generation  For monitoring

Cross sectional view of Power House

Types Of Power House  LARGE: >100 MW  MEDIUM: 25 – 100 MW  SMALL: 1-25 MW  MINI: 100 KW - 1MW  MICRO: 5 – 100 KW  PICO: < 5 KW

Transmission

Facts & Figure

Advantages  No pollutants!  Say no to greenhouse gases  Saving natural resources  A predictable renewable source of energy  Dams as a water reservoir  Economical advantage  Constant source of energy  Controllable source of energy  Flexibility

Disadvantages  Emission of methane and carbon dioxide  Disturbance of habitat  Installation costs  Limited use  Divert natural waterway  Effects on agriculture  Fish killing  Disputes between people  Siltation and flow shortage.  Failure risks

World Largest Dams