1. HYDROPOWER DAMS By Hydro Power Group PYP 6 – Sekolah Ciputra 2014-2015

2. OUR UNDERSTANDING ABOUT DAMS A DAM is a barrier built to block the flow of water Hydropower dams create mechanical/kinetic energy turning those energies into electricity. Hydropower dams are used to create a barrier between upstream and downstream waters. Hydropower dams can help with flood control.

3. THE PURPOSE OF DAMS To store water to make up for the up and down changes in river flow or for water and energy. To raise the elevation of the water upstream to enable water to be directed into a canal.

4. THE HYDROPOWER DAMS Common hydro turbines are usually installed either within or next to dams. The kinetic energy of flowing water spins a turbine, producing mechanical energy that is converted into electricity by a generator.

5. THE HYDROPOWER DAMS The function of a hydropower dam is to increase the elevation (head) between water surfaces and the amount of kinetic energy that can be converted into electricity as water flows through its turbines. Release of water stored in the reservoir behind a dam can be timed to boost hydro generation when more electricity is needed

6. THE BENEFITS OF HYDROPOWER DAMS One of the country’s most important renewable energy resources Reliable Produces little solid wastes Releases none of the harmful gases and chemicals, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides and greenhouse gases. Can provide sources for water supply, flood control and recreation It is one of the cheapest source of energy

7. A Major Risk of Hydropower Dams Hydropower dams can greatly impact ecosystems. They can take over animal habitats, and forever change and damage aquatic habitats.

9. COMPONENT S OF HYDROPOWER DAMS Reservoir Intake Penstock Turbine Generator Transformer Transmission Outflow

10. RESERVOIR A reservoir is a kind of lake or river. The reservoir sends water for the Hydroelectric dam so the Hydroelectric dam could produce or generate electricity for nearby buildings, houses, and others. A reservoir

11. INTAKE The intake is a very useful machine because when the reservoir water goes inside this machine this machine will filter/ clean the water to avoid sharp, rubbish, or fish to get inside the turbine. An intake

12. PENSTOCK After the water goes from the reservoir to the intake then it goes inside the penstock. The penstock is a long tube that makes the water goes faster to the direction of the turbine. A penstock

13. TURBINE After the water goes through the penstock it goes directly to the turbine. So the turbine spins the water because when the turbine spin the water it generate electricity. A turbine

14. GENERATOR The generator is also a useful machine because it’s connected to the turbine and because of that when the turbine spins the turbine the generator also spins and as a result of that it generates electricity. A generator

15. TRANSFORMER When the generator spins, it also sends electricity to the transformer because the generator is connected to the transformer and as a result the transformer will be sending electricity to the transmission. A transformer

16. TRANSMISSION After the generator sends electricity to the transformer, the transformer sends the electricity to the transmission. And the transmission will send the electricity to nearby houses, buildings, and others. A transmission

17. OUTFLOW After the turbine spins the water the water goes to the outflow. The outflow is the water that is released back to the river. An outflow

18. BIBLIOGRAPHY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8DTiztIMFA (video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8DTiztIMFA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8 (video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8 http://www.slideshare.net/jeufier/h-y-d-r-o-p-o-w-e-r-facts-amp-figures-2159365 (history of hydropower) http://www.slideshare.net/jeufier/h-y-d-r-o-p-o-w-e-r-facts-amp-figures-2159365 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpJCirLXHXo http://www.fplsafetyworld.com/?ver=kkblue&utilid=fplforkids&id=16180 http://www.tvakids.com/electricity/hydro.htm html#.VL-SvF-So http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/7120- components-of-hydroelectric-power-plants-part-one/ http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/7120- components-of-hydroelectric-power-plants-part-one/ http://www.hydroworld.com/technology_and_equipment/turbines-and- mechanical-components.html http://www.hydroworld.com/technology_and_equipment/turbines-and- mechanical-components.html http://indianpowersector.com/home/power-station/hydro-power-plant/ http://www.kids.esdb.bg/hydro.html