Religions of South Asia

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Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism

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Presentation transcript:

Religions of South Asia Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism

Hinduism Today, 13%of world’s population Oldest organized major religion Originated in Indus River Valley Between 2500-1500 BCE Ca. 900 BCE hymns and prayers were recorded in the Rig Veda, the oldest and most sacred of the Vedas.

Caste System Over time, society was divided into groups Brahmins: Priests and scholars Rulers and warriors Traders and farmers Menial laborers and servants Untouchables,or outcasts

Reincarnation Cycle of life and rebirth: Samsara Karma determines the next life Dharma is the path to a good rebirth Some choose to escape the cycle of rebirth by leading ascetic lives (denying themselves pleasure)

Four Aims of Hinduism Dharma: righteousness Artha: material prosperity Kama: gratification of the senses Moksha: liberation from the cycle of samsara Supreme goal

Dieties (Gods) Henotheistic One God represented by many manifestations or aspects of that god Brahman: the creator Vishnu: preserver/protector Shiva: the destroyer Many others Worshipers may offer gifts and chant mantras believed to summon gods Hindus often make pilgrimages to sacred sites

Buddhism About 6% Born as an offshoot or reform of Hinduism Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Born as a minor prince, ca. 563 BCE Reality challenged his sheltered ideals Left his family (and privilege) to wander and question life

Legend While sitting under banyan tree, Gautama passed through four stages of meditation Attained enlightenment Buddha: “Enlightened one”

Teachings He did not claim to be divine, nor inspired by divine revelation Four Noble Truths Life is filled with anguish (suffering) Materialism leads to anguish Nirvana exists The Eightfold Path leads to Nirvana

Eightfold Path Forbids theft, lying, strong drink, sexual promiscuity, and killing Stresses that no harm shall be done to any creature

Buddhism in Asia In time, Buddhism disappeared in India But spread… Over the Himalayas to Tibet (Lamaism) China (Mahayana) Japan and China (Zen) And to SE Asia (Theravada)

Jainism 4.2 million adherents in India Like Buddhism, grew in environment of Hinduism Dates to 900 BCE Jains believe it goes back millions of years

Beliefs Immediate consequences of one’s physical and mental behavior Every soul’s place is determined by its karma Every Soul is the architect of its own life A soul freed from its karma has good-consciousness Infinite knowledge Infinite perception Infinite power Infinite bliss

How to? Right view, right knowledge, right conduct Control your senses Limit your possessions Don’t waste life All life worthy of respect Strive to rise up ladder of spiritual evolution

Sikhism Began in 15th century (1400s) in Punjab Founded by Guru Nanak Controlled by Muslims Founded by Guru Nanak “I am not a Hindu, nor am I a Muslim” Followed by 10 gurus The Guru Granth Sahib Scriptures 1604 AD

Beliefs and Principles One God-infinite qualities and names Reincarnation, with the goal of salvation Remember God Brotherhood The 5s 5 Ks 5 thieves 5 weapons