Persuasive Speeches Chapter 16 Recap/Lecture

Your next speech….  4 to 6 minutes (Change from syllabus)  Materials: Keyword outline & note cards  Visual aid: PowerPoint ( ed to by 8 p.m. on the day before your presentation; also bring back up copy)  Research required: at least 4 sources (with citations)  Areas of Focus: EVERYTHING

Informative vs. Persuasive  Knowledge and Understanding vs. Attempting to change or convince  Similarities: clear and concise, organized, strong delivery, ethical, credible, appropriate use of language

Importance/Role of Persuasion  Persuasive speech: ‘attempting to create, reinforce, or change your audience’s beliefs or actions’ (p. 300)  Understanding persuasion—important for speakers and listeners  Speaker as advocate

Ethical Persuasion  Ethical goals and methods  Avoid subtle and blatant dishonesty  Power of language  ‘learn about all sides of issue and competing viewpoints’ (p. 301)

Persuasion as Psychological Process  2 or more viewpoints; competing or different angle/degree  Degrees of Persuasion  Strongly opposed Strongly in favor  Audience analysis/centeredness  knowledge AND attitude  Mental dialogue (give and take) with audience  Set realistic goals  Will everyone change their beliefs/opinions after hearing one speech?

Target Audiences; Audience Centeredness  Advertising = big example of persuasion and targeting audiences  Check out these ads; what’s the persuasive message & who is the target audience?

Types of Persuasive Speeches  Persuasive speeches on  Questions of Fact  Questions of Value  Questions of Policy

Addressing Questions of Fact  True answer exists; may not have enough information yet  Inconclusive info  Speculations and Predictions  Choose side -- present those facts, persuasively  Popular org. pattern – Topical  Main points = reasons to agree

Addressing Questions of Value  Includes facts; Demands value judgments  Right or wrong? Good or bad? Moral or immoral? Fair or unfair?  Pick a side; justify your claim  Standards for the value judgment?  Popular org. pattern – Topical  Establish the standards  apply the standards

Addressing Questions of Policy  Course of action – should or shouldn’t be taken  Can include questions of fact and/or value; step further by deciding what should be done  Passive agreement vs. Immediate action  Convincing that something should be done vs. Convincing someone to do what should be done (specific call to action)  Must identify need, plan, and practicality

Addressing Questions of Policy  Popular org. patterns  Problem-Solution Order  Need/seriousness of problem  plan for solving the problem/practicality  Problem-Cause-Solution Order  Identify the problem  analyze cause of problem  solution to problem  Comparative Advantages Order  Each main point = why your solution is better than others  Monroe’s Motivated Sequence (MMS)  Attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action

SPEECH WORKSHOP  In class today:  HW: Examples of speeches  Brainstorming and Audience Analysis  Next class (Thursday): MMS speeches/Infomercials