The Opportunities and Challenges of the Local Carbon Budget Mike Berners-lee Small World Consulting An Associate Company of Lancaster University

Quickly about me An Associate Company of Lancaster University Scope 3 Carbon: BT, Booths, Manchester, West Sussex, Cornwall, Cumbria, Lake District, South Downs, Taylor Wimpey, Lancaster University, Farms, Hotels, Factories....

Types of emissions and impacts Direct (Scope 1) Indirect (Scope 3) Electricity generation (Scope 2)

Indirect carbon is not an exact science

Consumption Based Emissions Reporting UK reporting should take account of emissions in trade Supply chain carbon is coming into the mainstream West Sussex, Lake District National Park and Greater Manchester cited as examples of policy opportunity

Hong Kong return: 4.6 tonnes Low 3.4 tonnesHigh 13.4 tonnes Average 4.6 tonnes EconomyFirst class

Drying your hands: 10g Low 0 g 20g typical hand drier Average 10 g Let them drip Paper towels

Asparagus (250g pack): 2kg Low 125 g Air freighted from Peru Average 2 kg Local In- season High 3.5 kg

London to Glasgow return

120 kg CO 2 e 53 kg CO 2 e (by Banana power) to 2.3 tonnes (Peruvian asparagus power) 330 kg CO 2 e 500 kg CO 2 e

Laptop: 400Kg Low 100Kg? High 1 tonne? Average 400 Kg

The footprint of WS residents: 13.7million tonnes CO2e per annum (17.3t per annum per resident)

Different messages for different districts...

Household energy (17% of residents footprint) West Sussex average: 3 tonnes per resident per annum

Driving (16% of residents footprint)

Flying (13% of residents footprint)

Footprint of WS industry: 20.9m tCO 2 e

Four reasons for WS’s consumption based metrics? Indirect carbon is the majority of our impact It is already instinctive for most of us Consumption metrics are coming anyway - so we may as well be prepared and lead. It opens up opportunity for actions that cut carbon whilst improving the economy and wellbeing West Sussex

Managing the footprint Maintain and repair

Holistic approach to policy MAC curve for options

Lessons from Greater Manchester managing its Total Carbon Footprint

Three themes emerged from multiple criteria Product efficiency Low carbon Procurement Food

A ‘product efficient’ GM in 2023 … More utility is derived from goods during their lifetime than at present: a more circular economy More money spent locally translates into local GVA Products are shared, repaired, reshaped, reused, recycled more than now Maintenance/repair, repurposing and resale markets flourish Local finance invests in non-linear business models More utility for less resource use and lower cost for people and organisations

Potential impact Policy Priority Impact potential (out of 10) Mitigating the impacts of austerity on the most vulnerable9 Reducing dependency on public services7 Safeguarding existing employment & creating new jobs8 Safeguarding existing local businesses5 Creating opportunities for start-ups and facilitating their creation8 Building social capital6 Climate change mitigation & other environmental benefits9

Current clothing spend in GM £2B clothing spend leaving residents’ pockets £80m Manchester clothing manufacturing GVA Manchester retail GVA £500m (?) Manchester retail GVA £500m (?) £1.42B? Rest of the world GVA. Manufacture and distribution (mainly overseas) £1.42B? Rest of the world GVA. Manufacture and distribution (mainly overseas) (All numbers very approximate)

Situation after 10% shift to repair and resale with same utility. £1.9B clothing spend leaving residents’ pockets £70M Manchester clothing manufacturing GVA Manchester retail GVA £500M (?) Manchester retail GVA £500M (?) £1.28BRest of the world GVA. Manufacture and distribution (mainly overseas) £1.28BRest of the world GVA. Manufacture and distribution (mainly overseas) £100M stays in residents’ pockets £50M Repair and preparation for resale – Manchester GVA

Overall Impact £100m cash saving to residents -£10m of GVA lost from new manufacturing £50m Increase in Manchester GVA through repairs and resale £50m Increase in Manchester GVA through repairs and resale Overall £140M increase in Manchester’s Wealth

We picked on clothing as a simple low tech example But we could have picked: – Appliances – Electronic goods – Furniture – Soft furnishings – Etc.

It’s starting to happen in GM already Typically, created by social entrepreneurs with ethical goals, with a UI that’s all about ‘what’s in it for me’ P2P car hire today Swishing this week

The Issues & Questions for GM Policy-Makers

The role for policy and policy- makers It’s happening anyway, so policy goal is to nurture, accelerate. Identify target product sectors Identify the desired infrastructure and behaviours Understand the opportunities and barriers for social entrepreneurs Commission interventions to enable change

Low Carbon Procurement: Potential impact Policy Priority Impact potential (out of 10) Mitigating the impacts of austerity on the most vulnerable6 Reducing dependency on public services? Safeguarding existing employment & creating new jobs7 Safeguarding existing local businesses6 Creating opportunities for start-ups and facilitating their creation8 Building social capital? Climate change mitigation & other environmental benefits10

Happening Already? In GM: Progress on sustainable procurement, especially by MCC WSCC: consumption-based carbon budgets now in place for each department Warp-It platform for sharing used by NHS, schools, LAs, charities – use can be mandated in policy

Mike Berners-Lee Questions and comments?