Ancient Egypt Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School
A View of Egypt by Satellite Nile Delta Deshret: Sahara Desert Kehmet: Nile River Nubian Desert Red Sea Mediterranean Sea Lower Egypt Upper Egypt
Fertile Nile Valley
Egypt: Gift of the Nile Annual Flooding
Irrigation: the Shaduf
Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”
Hieratic Script
Egyptian Scribe
Papyrus Paper Papyrus Plant Hieratic Scroll Piece
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
24 “letters” phonetic symbols Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
Egyptian Math & Draftsmanship ,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?
Egyptian Creation Myth The Gods & Goddesses Nut (Sky), Geb (Earth), their children Osiris (The Nile, the afterlife) and Isis (magic), and the God Thoth (Knowledge) and Goddess Maat (Truth & Justice) who aided their birth against the will of Ra.
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
Preparations for the Underworld Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Egyptian Mummies Seti I B. C. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. Ramses II B. C.
Journey to the Underworld A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb. The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife
Egyptian Priestly Class
Preparation for the Afterlife
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Anubis Horus Osiris The Final Judgment Ammut: Devourer of Souls
PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins 3900 B.C. Archaicc.3500 – 2650 B.C. Old Kingdom c – 2134 B.C. Middle Kingdom c – 1640 B.C. New Kingdom c.1550 – 1070 B.C. Egyptian History
Archaic Period
c B. C. ? Menes: Unified Upper/Lower Egypt
Narmer Palette
Mastabas
Old Kingdom Pharaoh = king & god –Complete power –Owned everything –Ruled w/ help of Viziers Only nobility were mummified Old Kingdom = Period of Pyramid Building
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes
Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Pharaoh Djoser Imhotep Built for Pharaoh Djoser (Zo- zer) by the vizier Imhotep Stacked mastabas
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid Complex North6 mm. at either end East6 mm. at either end South 10 mm. at West end,30 mm. at East end West 30 mm. at either end North 0° 2’ 30” W of true N East 0° 1’ 57” N of true E South0° 5’ 30” W of true N West0° 2’ 28” N of true E.
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu feet Nearly 6 feet The Great Pyramid is over 81 times as tall as Mr. Pags.
New Kingdom
Removal of the Hyksos Ahmose Queen Ahotep Kamose-brother of Ahmose
Thutmose III B. C. Ramses II B. C. Tutankhamen B. C. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
The Valley of the Kings
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut B. C. 1 st Tomb
Hatshepsut 1 st female ruler Temples Obelisks Trade with Nubia & Punt
Thutmose III “Erase” Hatshepsut Expand trade w/ Nubia Created an empire –Conquered: Entire Nile Valley Palestine Syria
B. C. Ankhenaten: First Monotheist? Amenhotep IV
Queen Nefertiti
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
B. C. King Tutankhamen’s Death Mask
King Tutankhamen
King Tutankhamen’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
Ramses II: 1300s BC-1212 BC AKA Ozmandias Ruled 66 years Died around age sons and daughters Egypt’s largest size as empire Pharaoh from Bible?
Ramses II Battle of Kadesh
Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II
Who Are These Strange People?
Routes of the “Sea Peoples” Invasion c BC
Nubian/Kushite Kingdom Moved to Meroe –Modern Sudan –Traditional Egyptian civ. moved south
What happened in Lower Egypt? From BC, invaded by- –Assyrians –Persians –Macedonian-Greeks –Rome