Plant Structure and Life Span Root vs. Shoot System F 3 Form Follows Function Different Environments Different adaptations

Plant Structure and Life Span Herbaceous Plants No wood above ground Annuals i.e. corn, geraniums, marigolds Bienniels i.e. carrots, cabbage

Plant Structure and Life Span Woody Plants Produce woody shoot system All are perennials Some herbaceous also perennials Differences in shoot vs. root system

Cells and Tissues (table 5-2) Ground Tissue What is tissue? Simple Complex Primary and secondary cell walls

Cell and Tissue Types Ground Tissue/Parenchyma Cells Most common type of herbaceous cell Storage Photosynthesis Secretion Ability to differentiate

Cells and Tissues Ground Tissue: Collenchyma Unevenly thickened primary cell walls Elongated Act as support tissue (celery)

Cells and Tissues Ground Tissue: Sclerenchyma Primary and secondary cell walls Scleroids Variable in shape Act as support Pears Fibers Long and tapered Clumped Wood, bark, plant veins

Cells and Tissues Vascular Tissue: Xylem Transports water and minerals Tracheids = chief water conducting cells in gymnosperms and below Passes through pits Vessel Elements = flowering plants (angiosperms) Perforations at end with pits in side walls

Cells and Tissues Vascular tissue Phloem Moves food materials from photosynthesis 4 types Sieve-tube elements = conduct food materials in solution Companion Cells = cell that assists sieve-tube Phloem Fibers Phloem Parenchyma Cells

Cells and Tissues Dermal Tissue Epidermis Outermost layer of herbaceous plants Stomata Guard Cells Trichomes Periderm Replaces epidermis in woody plants Made of cork/cork parenchyma cells

Plant Meristems Function in cell growth (only part of the plant that grows) Division Elongation Differentiation Primary and secondary growth Secondary = Primarily gymnosperms and woody dicots Meristematic cells do not differentiate

Plant Meristems Primary Growth takes place at the apical meristem Tip of roots and shoots Protected by root cap Small and boxy Area of division Encyclopedia Britannica

Plant Meristems Primary Meristems Area of cell elongation Some differentiation 3 types of meristems Protoderm Procambrium Ground Meristem