Islam Do Now Who is the prophet of Islam? And, please open to pg 708 Muhammad

Islam Where Does It All Begin? In the land called Arabia ( modern Saudi Arabia )

Islam Who was the prophet Muhammad? Born in 570 in MeccaBorn in 570 in Mecca Grew up a successful merchantGrew up a successful merchant Married, 7 childrenMarried, 7 children Common calligraphic representation of Muhammad

Receives a message from the angel Gabriel

Islam Messages Among many messages from angel, Muhammad reported Allah one and only true and all-powerful God Other messages, instructions on how to live to please Allah, live in paradise Safety Many disliked Muhammad’s criticism of traditional beliefs in many gods Only protection of uncle kept him safe After uncle’s death Muhammad knew he and followers not safe in Mecca Public Preaching Muhammad originally told only wife, few friends about experiences Began to preach in public after about three years, attracted many followers Some powerful Meccans did not accept teachings The Revelations

Islam Hegira 622, Muhammad moved to Yathrib, came to be called Medina, “the Prophet’s City”; journey from Mecca to Medina came to be known as hegira Later Muslims marked year of hegira as first year of Islamic calendar Mecca People of Mecca who wanted Muhammad stopped did not give up Fought several battles with Muhammad, followers, ultimately lost ground 630, Muhammad controlled Mecca, influence unmatched Building Faith Muhammad spent decade building community of fellow believers Called faith Islam, meaning “achieving peace through submission to God” Followers known as Muslims Sharing the Revelations

Islam Muhammad and his followers retake the city of Mecca. Their journey back becomes part of the faith.

Islam

Sequence What events led up to Muhammad’s taking control of Mecca? Answer(s): Muhammad moved to Medina, number of followers grew; Meccans fought him and his followers but lost

Islam The holy book of Islam… The Qur’an (Koran, Quran)

Islam As Muhammad gained political power, revelations continued Muhammad could not read, write; recited revelations Followers memorized words, some wrote them down The writings that Muslims believe as direct revelations from God are collected in Qur’an, (aka Koran, Quran) sacred test of Islam Muslims read from Qur’an to hear Allah’s teachings Seek religious experience in rhythm, beauty of words Full meaning known only in original Arabic language Translations not true representation Qur’an Five basic acts of worship central to Islam, Five Pillars of Islam Profession of faith; BELIEF Performance of five daily prayers; PRAYER Giving to the poor, needy; CHARITY FASTING during month of Ramadan Make PILGRIMAGE to Mecca Five Pillars of Islam Basic Ideas of Islam

Islam Profession of Faith - belief “There is no god but God…” By affirmation, Muslim signals acceptance of the faith Denies existence of other gods, accepts Muhammad as prophet Giving Alms to Poor, Needy - charity Muslims supposed to give percentage of income to charity Even those with little encouraged to help others Five Daily Prayers - prayer Worshippers say daily prayers five times during day Always face Mecca to pray, no matter where they are Fasting During Ramadan - fasting Muslims required to go without food, drink, dawn to dusk Ramadan when Muhammad began to report messages written down in Qur’an Five Pillars of Islam

Islam The Hajj ~ Mecca Pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims physically, financially able required to go to Mecca Journey called the hajj –Gather to pray in mosque –Perform various rituals, walk seven times around Kaaba –Climb Mount Arafat, site of Muhammad’s last sermon

Islam Sunna and Sharia Record of Muhammad’s behavior, teachings known as Sunna, “tradition,” provides guidance in personal relationships, business Muslim legal system known as Sharia, reflects various rules by which Muslims should live, outlines method of reasoning, argument for legal cases, made up of opinions, writings over several centuries Guidelines for Behavior Qur’an provides guidelines for moral behavior Muslims may not eat pork, drink alcohol, must wash before praying Qur’an prohibits murder, lying, stealing Requires jihad, to defend Muslim community, also means “holy war”

Islam People of the Book Islam monotheistic like Jewish, Christian faiths Islamic beliefs: –Allah the same as God in Jewish, Christian traditions –Abraham, Moses, Jesus messengers from God –Muhammad, last of God’s prophets –Qur’an represents God’s final message –Muslims told to respect Jews, Christians as “people of the book;” share tradition of prophets who taught, received God’s revelations

Islam Summarize What are the acts of worship required of all Muslims? Answer(s): The Five Pillars of Islam—profession of faith, five daily prayers, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, and the hajj

Islam Kaaba in Mecca

Islam

Inside the Kaaba