Organization of the elements Families and periods of the Periodic Table

Periodic Table Family Photo Album How do we know who is in the same family? They are usually in the same group (vertical column) on the periodic table. They have similar properties and atomic structures

Families on the Periodic Table Columns are grouped into families. Families may be one column, or several columns put together. Families have names rather than the group numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)

How many groups (families) Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family) each column of elements on the periodic table How many groups (families) are on the Periodic Table Of Elements? FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP

Group (Family) Properties Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered from left to right) Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the top down in a group (family) Atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons) Exceptions: Transition elements (3-12) Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17) Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons) Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties

Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons                            How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer orbital/level? 87 Fr (223) 55 Cs 132.905 37 Rb 85.468 19 K 39.098 11 Na 22.990 3 Li 6.941 1 H 1.008 + - What group (family) do these elements reside in?

Group (Family) Names Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Noble Gases Boron Group Carbon Group Nitrogen Group Oxygen Group Halogens Transition Metals

Important Features of the Periodic Table: Period (Row) each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table How many periods (rows) are on the Periodic Table Of Elements? FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT

Period (Row) Properties Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from the top down) Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the left to the right in a period All atoms of the elements in the same period have the same number of orbitals/levels Example Period 1 = 1 orbital Period 2 = 2 orbitals Period 3 = 3 orbitals Etc…

Valence electrons-How many electrons are in the outermost shell? Si Ge

Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of orbitals/levels in their atoms + - + - In what period (row) do you think these atoms reside? + - + - In what period (row) do you think these atoms reside?

Identify the Element Period 5 – Group 2  Group 4 – Period 7  Rutherfordium - Rf Strontium - Sr Carbon - C Astatine - At

Using the Periodic Table The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s key(s) 8 O Oxygen 15.999 Atomic Number (Number of protons) Element Symbol (Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters ) Element Name Atomic Mass (Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons) Class Color Metal Non-Metal Metalloid State (@ Room Temp.) Symbol Color Solid Liquid Gas What is Oxygen’s physical state of matter? Which class does Oxygen fall into?

Families of the Periodic Table

Families of Elements- Color your table Hydrogen (all alone) 1 Alkali Metals 2 Alkaline Earth Metals 3-12 Transition Metals 13 The Boron Family 14 The Carbon Group 15 The Nitrogen Group 16 The Oxygen Group 17 The Halogens 18 The Noble Gases Lanthanide Series Actinide Series Families of Elements- Color your table