1. The Periodic Table of Elements

2. What is it?
Arrangement of known elements based on atomic # (the number at the top), chemical and physical properties

3. Dmitri Mendeleev
In the 1860’s he devised a periodic table where the elements were ordered by their atomic masses
He did this by grouping elements together according to their similarities
Draft of Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Image taken from:

4. Elements!
A pure substance made up of one kind of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
90 occur naturally on earth
25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
Element song Tom Leher

5. How is it organized?
Metals, nonmetals, metalloids, atomic #, atomic structure, chemical and physical properties

6. 3 Classes of Elements
Class
Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid

7. What metal is not a solid
Metals 79 Au
Location
Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception  Hydrogen)
Chemical Properties
Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily
Physical Properties
ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are room temperature 11 Na
22.990
Image taken from:
What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?

8. Non-Metals
Location
Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level
Physical Properties
not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature 17 Cl
35.453
Image taken from: 16 S
32.066
Image taken from:

9. Metalloids
Location
Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer level
Physical Properties
have properties of both metals and non-metals 14 Si
28.086
Image taken from: 5 B
10.811
Image taken from:

10. Organization
Group 1- Alkali Metals, Group 2- Alkaline Earth Metals, Groups Transition Metals, Below Table- Rare Earth Metals (Lanthanides, Actinides)
Group 18- Noble Gases-NOT REACTIVE ELEMENTS
Group 13- Boron Group, Group 14-Carbon Group, Group 15-Nitrogen Group, Group 16- Oxygen Group, Group 17-Halogens
Group 18-Noble Gases-unreactive-outside energy level is completely full
What are the names and numbers of the groups that are metals?
What are the names and numbers of the groups that are nonmetals?
What are the names and numbers of the groups that contain metalloids as well as metals and nonmetals?
What is the name and number of the group that contains gases only?

11. What does it predict?
Chemical behavior of the elements, trends, properties of elements

12. How many groups (families)
Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family)
each column of elements on the periodic table
How many groups (families)
are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements?
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP

13. Group (Family) Properties
Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered from left to right)
Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the top down in a group (family)
Atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer rings orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons)
Exceptions:
Transition elements (3-12)
Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17)
Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties

14. groups Which direction do they go? Vertically (up and down)
How are they numbered?
What is their pattern?
Vertically (up and down)
1-18
Elements in same group have same # of valence electrons, share similar chemical properties; grouped elements behave chemically in similar ways

15. Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
                          
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer orbital/level? 87 Fr
(223) 55 Cs 37 Rb
85.468 19 K
39.098 11 Na
22.990 3 Li
6.941 1 H
1.008 + -
What group (family) do these elements reside in?

16. What the heck are Valence electrons?
What are they?
Where are they?
What do they do?
Electrons in the outermost energy level
Outside energy level
Determine reactivity

18. Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
                          
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer orbital/level? 87 Fr
(223) 55 Cs 37 Rb
85.468 19 K
39.098 11 Na
22.990 3 Li
6.941 1 H
1.008 + -
What group (family) do these elements reside in?

19. Important Features of the Periodic Table: Period (Row)
each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
How many
periods (rows)
are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements?
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT

20. Period (Row) Properties
Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from the top down)
Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the left to the right in a period
All atoms of the elements in the same period have the same number of rings/orbitals/energy levels
All atoms of the elements in a specific period have that respective number of rings/orbitals/energy levels
Example
Period 1 = 1 ring
Period 2 = 2 rings
Period 3 = 3 rings
Etc…

21. periods Horizontally (side to side) Which direction do they go? 1-7
How are they numbered?
What is their pattern?
Horizontally (side to side)
1-7
Elements in the same period have the same # of energy levels (2-8-8 rule)

22. Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of rings/orbitals/energy levels in their atoms + - + -
In what period (row) do
you think these atoms
reside? + - + -
In what period (row) do
you think these atoms
reside?

23. Reactivity
What is it?
What makes an element reactive?
What are the most reactive groups of metals?
What are the most reactive groups of nonmetals?
How elements react with others to form compounds
# of valence electrons, when outer levels are full, atoms are stable, when they are not full, they react (gain, lose, or share electrons)
Groups 1 and 2-they easily give up their valence electron to make a compound
Groups 16 and 17- they easily receive valence electrons to make a compoud

24. reactivity

25. Identify the Element Period 5 – Group 2  Group 4 – Period 7 
Rutherfordium - Rf
Strontium - Sr
Carbon - C
Astatine - At