Task 1 Function of plasma protein in diagnosis of animal disease

What is plasma ? Blood plasma is the straw-colored liquid component of bloodliquidblood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended.blood cells It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. volume

What is plasma protein? Plasma proteins are proteins found in the blood plasma Plasma blood plasma protein-rich fluid which is left behind when platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells are removed from the blood. platelets Blood proteins = serum proteins =plasma proteins

Definition Any of the various dissolved proteins of blood plasma, including antibodies and blood- clotting proteins, that act by holding fluid in blood vessels by osmosis.

Components of plasma protein Albumin most abundant of the plasma proteins about 60 percent of all the proteins. manufactured by the liver responsible for transporting various substances in the blood, including drugs. maintain water balance and contribute to osmotic pressure

Globulin The globulin proteins include enzymes, protein carriers, and gamma globulin, or antibodies, gamma globulins are made by lymphocytes Globulins fall into one of four groups based on their size and electrical charge: gamma, beta, alpha-1 and alpha-2.

Fibrinogen also called Factor I another plasma protein produced by the liver produce clots to help stop bleeding. It is a sticky, fibrous coagulant found in the blood that produces thrombin, that in turn converts to fibrin, the main protein in a blood clot. Eg :hemophilia (the "bleeding disease")

Electrophoresis Description Proteins are major components of muscle, enzymes, hormones, hemoglobin, and other body tissues. Proteins are composed of elements that can be separated from one another by several different techniques: chemical methods, ultracentrifuge, or electrophoresis..

There are two major types of electrophoresis: (1)protein electrophoresis (2)immunoelectrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoresis is used to assess the blood levels of specific types of proteins called immunoglobulins. An immunoelectrophoresis test is usually ordered if a SPEP test has a "spike," or rise, at the immunoglobulin level.

Protein electrophoresis is used to determine the total amount of protein in the blood and to establish the levels of other types of proteins called albumin, alpha 1 globulin, alpha 2 globulin, and beta-globulin

Definition of electrophoresis A technique used to separate different elements (fractions) of a blood sample into individual components.

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a screening test that Measures the major blood proteins by separating them into five distinct fractions: albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma proteins. Protein electrophoresis can also be performed on urine.

Purpose To evaluate, diagnose, and monitor a variety of diseases and conditions. It can be used for these purposes because the levels of different blood proteins rise or fall in response to such disorders as cancer, intestinal or kidney protein-wasting syndromes, disorders of the immune system, liver dysfunction, impaired nutrition, and chronic fluid-retaining conditions.cancer

References on-protein-maintaining-blood-volume_.html on-protein-maintaining-blood-volume_.html

Function

Diseases Abnormal in albumin concentration Hyperalbuminaemia in albumin concentration during dehydration and excessive stasis during venepuncture Analbuminaemia in albumin concentration. It is rare disorder and does not shows any symptoms or sign due to compensatory increases in globulin

Diseases Abnormal in α 2 concentration Nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, collagen disorder Increasing in α 2-macroglobulin

Diseases Abnormal in β -Globulin concentration Haemolytic anaemia, liver disease Decrease in haptoglobulin Nephrotic syndrome Increase in haptoglobulin

Diseases Abnormal in Gamma-Globulin concentration Hepatic cirrhosis, paraprotein Increase in immunoglobulin Nephrotic syndrome Decrease in immunoglobulin

References Clinical bichemistry e-book