1. Blood Cardiovascular System - 1 for student copying

2. FUNCTIONS of BLOOD transports substances & maintains homeostasis in the body

3. Hemo = blood hemophobia: fear of blood hemostasis: bleeding is under control hematocyte: blood cell hematemesis: vomiting blood hematuria: bloody urine hematopoiesis: formation of blood cells

4. Blood is a type of CT made up of scattered cells & a liquid matrix

5. What’s in blood? 1.Cells (45%) – RBCs – WBCs – Platelets (plts) 2.Plasma (55%) – water, a.a., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste

6. Hematocrit vol of blood cells in a sample of blood blood centrifuged then % cells figured normal levels: – Newborns: 55-68% – 10 yr olds: 36-40% – Women: 38-46% – Men: 42-54%

7. RBCs erythrocytes, hematocytes, corpuscles – formed in bone marrow shape: biconcave disc – allows for optimal surface area for diffusion of O 2 & CO 2 5 million/mm3 no nucleus – so no cell division live about 120 days – then phagocytosed in liver & spleen

8. RBCs Functions 1.transport O 2 thru out body (lungs  cells) – hemoglobin: (hgb) large protein that O 2 attaches to inside RBC 2.transports CO 2 thru out body (cells  lungs)

9. Hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin: plenty of oxygen being carried in RBCs, blood is bright red deoxyhemoglobin: not carrying much oxygen, blood is burgundy-red

10. Iron critical element needed to make hgb & normal RBCs most of body’s Fe is in RBCs – in heme portion

11. Erythropoietin hormone secreted by kidneys stimulates formation of more RBCs by bone marrow – requires: vit B12 & Folic Acid

12. White Blood Cells (WBCs) leukocytes general function: defend the body against pathogens

13. White Blood Cells TypeNameFunctionPicture GranulocytesNeutrophils aka PMNs polymorpho- neutrophils very active in phagocyting bacteria & are present in large #s in pus of wounds, most common of all types, normal= 60% of WBCs (granular cytoplasm) Eosinophilsattack parasites, control allergic reactions 2% of WBC count

14. White Blood Cells typeNameFunctionPicture Granulocytes continued Basophilsproduces heparin (prevents blood clots) & histamines (inflammatory reaction) 1% of WBC Agranulaocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytesprecursors of macrophages; 6% of WBC Lymphocytesmain cell of immune system 30% of WBC

15. Platelets (plts) thrombocytes cell fragments formed from megakaryocyte, live ~4 days help initiate formation of blood clots – release clotting factors

16. Plasma 92% water Functions: – transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, hormones – maintain fluid & electrolyte balance – maintains normal pH

17. Plasma Proteins 1.Albumins – made in liver – maintain osmotic pressure & blood vol. 2.Globulins – α & β, from liver – transport lipids & fat-soluble vitamins 3.Fibrinogen – from liver, largest of plasma proteins – in blood clotting  fibrin

18. Hemostasis process of stopping bleeding 1.blood vessel spasm – damaged vessel  smooth muscle to contract  slows or stops blood loss – plts release serotonin (vasoconstrictor) 2.plt plug forms – plts become sticky forming plug over damaged area 3.Coagulation – forms hematoma/fibrinogen  fibrin

19. Coagulation when tissue damaged  damaged cells release prothrombin activator (with Ca++) prothrombin  thrombin thrombin acts as enzyme to cause fibrinogen  fibrin fibrin traps plts & RBCs to form hematoma (blood clot w/in vessel)