1. Notes: Chapter 19 Blood (640-664)

2. 1. What are the 5 functions of blood?
Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes.
Regulation of pH and ion composition.
Restriction of fluid losses at injury site
Defense against toxins and pathogens
Stabilization of body temperature

3. 2. What is plasma? Blood = 55% plasma Liquid part of blood
Mostly water
Plasma proteins
Has dissolved nutrients and wastes

4. 3. What are the formed elements of blood?
RBCs (red blood cells)- gas exchange
WBCs (white blood cells) – immune system
Platelet – enzymes and clotting

5. 4. What happens during hemopoiesis?
Process of making formed elements of blood

6. 5. List and describe the 3 classes of plasma proteins
Albumins: regulate osmotic pressure (diffusion at capillaries) and transport of fatty acids and hormones
Globulins: antibodies
Fibrinogen: clotting

7. 6. What effect does the biconcave disc shape of RBC have on its functions?
Larger surface area to volume ratio for O2 absorption/release
Form stacks that can flow smoothly through blood vessels
Can bend and flex through capillaries

8. 7. What is the average life span of RBCs?
Life span = 120 days
Because there are no organelles after differentiation so it cannot make proteins to repair itself

9. 8. What is hemoglobin?
The protein inside of blood that functions as transport mechanism for gases
Anemia = abnormal forms which interfere with O2 delivery
Fetal-binds O2 more readily

10. 9. What is bilirubin? RBCs get recycled
Heme unit is recycled and bilirubin is a byproduct that needs to be taken to liver to be excreted.
Jaundice- due to excess bilirubin in blood  failure of liver
Skin turns yellow

11. 10. What is erythropoiesis? Where does it occur?
Erythropoiesis = RBC formation
Happens in the red bone marrow

12. 11. What are leukocytes. How are they different from RBCs
11. What are leukocytes? How are they different from RBCs? What is their function?
Leukocytes = white blood cells
Difference = nuclei, organelles, no hemoglobin
Function = defend body against pathogens, remove toxins, wastes and abnormal/damaged cells

13. 12. Platelets Platelets = thrombocytes Life span = 9-12 days
Function = release chemicals important in clotting, form temporary patch of damaged vessels after clot formation, produce filaments to shrink clot and reduce size of break