From Globes to Maps

Globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth Globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth. Presents the most accurate depiction of geographic information.

Map is a symbolic representation of all or part of the earth on a flat piece of paper. Maps can be useful in showing small areas in great detail.

From 3-D to 2D Cartographers use mathematical formulas to transfer information from a round globe to a flat map. To create maps, cartographers project the round earth onto a flat surface – making a map projection.

Basic Categories of Map Projections Planar – Shows the earth centered in such a way that a strait line coming from the center to any other point represents the shortest distance. It is most accurate at its center (the poles).

Basic Categories of Map Projections Cylindrical – is based on the projection of the globe onto a cylinder. This projection is most accurate near the equator.

Basic Categories of Map Projections Conic – Is created by placing a cone over part of the globe. It is best suited for showing limited east-west areas that are not too far from the equator.

Map Projections

Winkel Tripel Projection Most widely used map in the world. Provides good balance between the size and shape of land areas as they are shown on the map.

Robinson Projection The continents appear much as they do on the globe however, there is minor distortion near the poles

Goode's Interrupted Equal-Area Projection A map that looks something like a globe that has been cut apart and laid flat. Shows the true size and shape of earth’s landmasses but the distances are somewhat distorted.

Mercator Projection Once the most commonly used projection, increasingly distorts size and distance as it moves away from the equator.

Map Features

Cartography Has been described as the meeting place of art and science. The primary purpose of a map is to show information or a geological concept or relationship. Maps must show an accurate relationship between objects and features

Compass Rose Basic Map Elements Showing North Illustrates Cardinal Directions

Map Scale Basic Map Elements The relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the earth's surface.

Map Legend Basic Map Elements A table of symbols used on a map or chart

What is required in your map Title Geographic Grid Scale Compass Rose Legend Political (Cities, Countries, States) and Physical features (Landforms and bodies of water) Date Name of Cartographer