Cells Structures and Their Functions (Pages 38-45)

Cells Are the smallest unit of life that carries out all life functions Contain major structures inside that perform these life functions Vary in size, but contain many of the same structures

Organelles (Structures) of the cell Cell Membrane outside covering of the a cell that controls what comes in and out of the cell Analogy -

Nucleus contains Genetic Material (DNA) is the control center of the cell Analogy -

Cytoplasm gel-like fluid inside a cell the other organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm Analogy -

Mitochondria uses oxygen to release energy from food sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell Analogy -

Vacuoles act as storage centers Cell wall Provides extra support and shape for plant cells, it is made mostly of cellulose Analogy -

Chloroplast food-making structures of a plant cell

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant cells have a cell wall (to give extra support and shape), but animal cells do not. Plant cells have chloroplasts (that enable plants make their own food), but animal cells do not.

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant cells usually have one or more large vacuole(s) (help provide shape and allow the plant to store water and food for future use), while animal cells have smaller vacuoles,if any are present.

Comparing Body Shapes of Bacteria

Classifying Bacteria Kingdom Monera Single celled Smaller than plant or animal cells Has a cell wall Has a cell membrane Has cytoplasm

Bacteria Does not have a nucleus Genetic material is found spread throughout the cell

3 Shapes of Bacteria Round – called Cocci Rod shaped – called Bacilli Spiral – corkscrew shaped called Spirilla