1. Looking Inside Cells
Chapter 2 Section 4

2. Introduction Organelles
Tiny structures that carry out specific functions within the cell
Compare to organs in your body…

3. Cell Wall
Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of PLANTS
Function: helps to protect and support the cell
Made of cellulose
Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls

4. Cell Membrane
In cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall
In other cells, the cell membrane forms an outside boundary
Function: controls what substances come into and out of a cell

5. Parts of the Nucleus Nucleus Acts as the “brain” of the cell
The cell’s control center, directs cell’s activities
Nuclear envelope
Nucleus is surrounded by this membrane
Materials pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in this structure
Chromatin
Contains instructions that direct the functions of a cell
Thin strands, contain genetic material
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made

6. The Nucleus

7. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Clear, thick, gel-like fluid
Many organelles are found in the cytoplasm

8. Mitochondria
Convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions
“powerhouse”

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
Mail truck

10. Ribosomes Function as factories to produce proteins
Sometimes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or float in cytoplasm

11. Golgi Bodies
Receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
Mail room

12. Chloroplasts
Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Only in plant cells

13. Vacuoles Storage area of cells (food and other materials)
Plants cells have ONE large vacuole
Animal cells have many small vacuoles, or none at all

14. Lysosomes
Small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell
“garbage truck”

15. Specialized Cells
In many-celled organisms, the cell are often quite DIFFERENT from each other
Cells are specialized to perform specific functions
Cells ---- Tissues ---- Organs ---- Organ Systems