A MPLE S UPPLY FOR YEARS A MPLE S UPPLY FOR YEARS L OW COST L OW COST H IGH NET ENERGY YIELD H IGH NET ENERGY YIELD E ASILY TRANSPORTED WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES E ASILY TRANSPORTED WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES L OW LAND USE L OW LAND USE T ECHNOLOGY IS WELL DEVELOPED T ECHNOLOGY IS WELL DEVELOPED E FFICIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM E FFICIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONS N EED TO FIND SUBSTITUTES WITHIN 50 YEARS N EED TO FIND SUBSTITUTES WITHIN 50 YEARS L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE A RTIFICIALLY LOW PRICE ENCOURAGES WASTE AND DISCOURAGES SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVES A RTIFICIALLY LOW PRICE ENCOURAGES WASTE AND DISCOURAGES SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVES P OLLUTES AIR WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED P OLLUTES AIR WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED C AN CAUSE WATER POLLUTION C AN CAUSE WATER POLLUTION

M ODERATE COST ( OIL SAND ) M ODERATE COST ( OIL SAND ) L ARGE POTENTIAL SUPPLIES, ESPECIALLY OIL SANDS IN C ANADA L ARGE POTENTIAL SUPPLIES, ESPECIALLY OIL SANDS IN C ANADA E ASILY TRANSPORTED WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES E ASILY TRANSPORTED WITHIN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES E FFICIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN PLACE E FFICIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN PLACE T ECHNOLOGY WELL - DEVELOPED ( OIL SAND ) T ECHNOLOGY WELL - DEVELOPED ( OIL SAND ) C ONS H IGH COST ( OIL SHALE ) H IGH COST ( OIL SHALE ) L OW NET ENERGY YIELD L OW NET ENERGY YIELD E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE L ARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER NEEDED FOR PROCESSING L ARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER NEEDED FOR PROCESSING S EVERE LAND DISRUPTION S EVERE LAND DISRUPTION S EVERE WATER POLLUTION S EVERE WATER POLLUTION A IR POLLUTION AND CO 2 EMISSIONS WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED A IR POLLUTION AND CO 2 EMISSIONS WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED

A MPLE S UPPLY A MPLE S UPPLY H IGH NET ENERGY YIELD H IGH NET ENERGY YIELD L OW COST L OW COST L ESS AIR POLLUTION THAN OTHER FOSSIL FUELS L ESS AIR POLLUTION THAN OTHER FOSSIL FUELS L OWER CO 2 EMISSIONS THAN OTHER FOSSIL FUELS L OWER CO 2 EMISSIONS THAN OTHER FOSSIL FUELS E ASILY TRANSPORTED BY PIPELINE E ASILY TRANSPORTED BY PIPELINE L OW LAND USE L OW LAND USE G OOD FUEL FOR FUEL CELLS, GAS TURBINES, AND MOTOR VEHICLES G OOD FUEL FOR FUEL CELLS, GAS TURBINES, AND MOTOR VEHICLES C ONS N ONRENEWABLE RESOURCE N ONRENEWABLE RESOURCE R ELEASES CO 2 WHEN BURNED R ELEASES CO 2 WHEN BURNED G OVERNMENT SUBSIDIES G OVERNMENT SUBSIDIES E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE M ETHANE ( A GREEN HOUSE GAS ) CAN LEAK FROM PIPELINES M ETHANE ( A GREEN HOUSE GAS ) CAN LEAK FROM PIPELINES D IFFICULT TO TRANSFER FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER D IFFICULT TO TRANSFER FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER C AN BE SHIPPED ACROSS OCEAN ONLY AS HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE LNG C AN BE SHIPPED ACROSS OCEAN ONLY AS HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE LNG

A MPLE S UPPLIES ( YEARS ) A MPLE S UPPLIES ( YEARS ) H IGH NET E NERGY Y IELD H IGH NET E NERGY Y IELD L OW C OST L OW C OST W ELL -D EVELOPED T ECHNOLOGY W ELL -D EVELOPED T ECHNOLOGY A IR P OLLUTION CAN BE REDUCED WITH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY A IR P OLLUTION CAN BE REDUCED WITH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY C ONS S EVERE L AND D ISTURBANCE, W ATER P OLLUTION, A IR P OLLUTION S EVERE L AND D ISTURBANCE, W ATER P OLLUTION, A IR P OLLUTION S EVERE THREAT TO HUMAN HEALTH WHEN BURNED S EVERE THREAT TO HUMAN HEALTH WHEN BURNED E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED INTO MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED INTO MARKET PRICE L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES H IGH CO 2 EMISSIONS WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED H IGH CO 2 EMISSIONS WHEN PRODUCED AND BURNED R ADIOACTIVE PARTICLE AND TOXIC MERCURY EMISSIONS R ADIOACTIVE PARTICLE AND TOXIC MERCURY EMISSIONS

L ARGE P OTENTIAL SUPPLY L ARGE P OTENTIAL SUPPLY V EHICLE FUEL V EHICLE FUEL M ODERATE COST M ODERATE COST L OWER AIR POLLUTION THAN COAL WHEN BURNED L OWER AIR POLLUTION THAN COAL WHEN BURNED C ONS L OW TO MODERATE NET ENERGY YIELD L OW TO MODERATE NET ENERGY YIELD H IGHER COST THAN COAL H IGHER COST THAN COAL R EQUIRES MINING 50% MORE COAL R EQUIRES MINING 50% MORE COAL E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE H IGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT H IGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES L ARGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES H IGH WATER USE H IGH WATER USE H IGHER CO 2 EMISSION THAN COAL H IGHER CO 2 EMISSION THAN COAL

L ARGE F UEL S UPPLY L ARGE F UEL S UPPLY L OW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ( WITHOUT ACCIDENTS ) L OW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ( WITHOUT ACCIDENTS ) E MITS 1/6 AS MUCH CO 2 AS COAL E MITS 1/6 AS MUCH CO 2 AS COAL M ODERATE L AND DISRUPTION AND WATER POLLUTION ( WITHOUT ACCIDENTS ) M ODERATE L AND DISRUPTION AND WATER POLLUTION ( WITHOUT ACCIDENTS ) M ODERATE L AND U SE M ODERATE L AND U SE L OW RISK OF ACCIDENTS BECAUSE OF MULTIPLE SAFETY SYSTEMS ( EXCEPT FOR C HERNOBYL - TYPE REACTORS ) L OW RISK OF ACCIDENTS BECAUSE OF MULTIPLE SAFETY SYSTEMS ( EXCEPT FOR C HERNOBYL - TYPE REACTORS ) C ONS C ANNOT COMPETE WITH ECONOMICALLY WITHOUT HUGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES C ANNOT COMPETE WITH ECONOMICALLY WITHOUT HUGE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES L OW NET ENERGY YIELD L OW NET ENERGY YIELD H IGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ( WITH MAJOR ACCIDENTS ) H IGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ( WITH MAJOR ACCIDENTS ) E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE E NVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE R ISK OF CATASTROPHIC ACCIDENTS R ISK OF CATASTROPHIC ACCIDENTS N O WIDELY ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION FOR LONG TERM STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES N O WIDELY ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION FOR LONG TERM STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES S UBJECT TO TERRORIST A TTACKS S UBJECT TO TERRORIST A TTACKS S PREADS K NOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING N UCLEAR W EAPONS S PREADS K NOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING N UCLEAR W EAPONS

Periodic removal and storage of radioactive liquid wastes Periodic removal and storage of radioactive wastes and spent fuel assemblies. Small amounts of radioactive gases Useful electrical energy 25% - 30% Waste Heat Waste water discharge into a water source (lake, river, ocean)

A TOMIC E NERGY ACT OF 1954 A TOMIC E NERGY ACT OF 1954 T HREE M ILE I SLAND T HREE M ILE I SLAND M ARCH 29, 1979 M ARCH 29, 1979 H ARRISBURG, P ENNSYLVANIA H ARRISBURG, P ENNSYLVANIA M ECHANICAL F AILURE AND H UMAN E RROR LED TO LOSS OF COOLANT M ECHANICAL F AILURE AND H UMAN E RROR LED TO LOSS OF COOLANT 50,000 EVACUATED 50,00 FLED 50,000 EVACUATED 50,00 FLED $1.2 B ILLION IN CLEANUP AND LAWSUITS $1.2 B ILLION IN CLEANUP AND LAWSUITS W ORST W ORLD N UCLEAR D ISASTERS C HERNOBYL : A PRIL 26, 1986: U KRAINE C HERNOBYL : A PRIL 26, 1986: U KRAINE F UKUSHIMA : M ARCH 11, 2011: J APAN F UKUSHIMA : M ARCH 11, 2011: J APAN A ND MANY OTHERS A ND MANY OTHERS Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant Glen Rose, Texas