MR. BECKETT CREATIVE WRITING Periods/Movements in Art History: A Brief Overview

Romanticism ( ) Partly a reaction against the Industrial Revolution and against the scientific perspective on nature. Emotion was at the core of the arts, especially in the expression of the individual’s experience. The natural world and one’s surroundings was often seen as a means of inspiration.

Romanticism (cont.) Most Famous Painters of the Romantic Period include:  Caspar David Friedrich  Eugene Delacroix  J.M.W. Turner  William Blake  Samuel Palmer  Philipp Otto Runge  Francisco Goya

Romantic Paintings Flowers by Eugene Delacroix Chinchester Canal by J.M.W. Turner

Realism ( ) An attempt to represent things accurately and truthfully. A revolt against the emotionalism of Romanticism. Portrayed ordinary people and situations, not avoiding unpleasant or nasty aspects of life. Details of reality were stressed. Industrial and technological advances, especially photography, let to this movement.

Realism (cont.) Realist Painters  Gustave Coubet  Jean-Francois Millet  Honore Daumier  Edoudard Manet  Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

Realism Paintings Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet by Gustave Courbet The Gleaners by Jean-Francois Millet

Impressionism ( ) Originated in Paris and the artists received a brutal backlash from other artists. Characterized by small, thin, yet visible brush strokes. Emphasized accurate depiction of light and how light changes with time. Used ordinary subject matter, but emphasized the bending and freedom of experiencing the world around us. Freedom came out in choice of colors and choice of line/brush strokes. Sensation was key.

Impressionism (cont.) Famous Impressionistic Painters:  Claude Monet  Edgar Degas  Pierre-Auguste Renoir  Paul Cezanne  Edouard Manet

Impressionistic Paintings Venice Twilight by Claude Monet The Pink Dancers, Before the Ballet by Edgar Degas

Post Impressionism ( ) Reaction to and extension of Impressionism. The Post Impressionists found Impressionism boring in its choices. Also used vivid colors, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real life subject matter. Emphasized geometric shapes and forms, distorted form for expression, and use unnatural and random color.

Post Impressionism (cont.) Famous Post-Impressionism Painters  Paul Cezanne  Henri Rousseau  Vincent van Gogh  Georges Seurat

Post Impressionist Painters/Paintings Vincent Van Gough Starry Night Van Gogh's Room at Arles

Post Impressionist Painters/Paintings (cont.) A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte Georges Surrat Mandrill in the Jungle Henri Rousseau

Expressionism ( ) Originating in Germany, Expressionism sought to present the world completely from an individual perspective. The goal was to express meaning, mood, emotion, or experience. More concern for expression than presenting things as they are in the physical world.

Expressionism (cont.) Famous Expressionist Artists  Egon Schiele  Wassily Kandinsky  Edvard Munch  Paul Klee

Expressionistic Paintings Sweet Summer Roses by Wassily Kandinsky Scream Edvard Munch Cat and Bird by Paul Klee

Cubism/Futurism/Constructivism ( ) Cubism:  associated with art produced in Paris  objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstract form.  Objects/subjects are depicted from multiple view points. Futurism:  Originated in Italy. Rebelled against all things “past.”  Emphasized themes associated with the future: speed, technology, youth and violence, cars, airplanes, and cities. Constructivism:  Originated in Russia  Objects were created not to express beauty but to push for some larger purpose.  The push to create work that would be mass produced.

Famous Painters/Paintings: Cubism Cubism:  Georges Braque  Pablo Picasso  Jean Metzinger  Albert Gleizes  Fernard Leger Guernica by Pablo Picasso La Guitare by Georges Braque

Futurism Painters/Paintings Umberto Boccioni Giacomo Balla Gino Severini Carlo Carra The Noise of the Street by Umberto Boccioni Luchetto by Giacomo Balla

Constructivist Painters/Paintings Vladimir Tatlin Kasimir Malevich Alexandra Exter Robert Adams El Lissitzky Vladimir Tatlin - Model for the Monument to the Third International, Alexandra Exter – Design for a Stage

Dadaism and Surrealism ( ) Dadaism:  Born out of a reaction to the horrors of World War I.  Rejected reason, favoring nonsense and irrationality.  Some even believe the word “Dada” is a made up, nonsense word.  Was often very anti war in its message.  Collage came out Dadaism  Many famous Dadaists became Surrealists

Famous Dadaism Paintings Hannah HöchHannah Höch Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany Famous Painters Hans Arp Raoul Hausmann Hannah Höch Johannes Baader Raoul Hausmann ABCD (Self-portrait)

Dadaism and Surrealism (cont.) Surrealism  Aimed to address the battling conditions of dream and reality.  Artists paint illogical, “disturbing” scenes with photographic precision.  The idea was to create a realistic looking painting with strange creature from everyday objects.  This “strange creature” was to represent the unconscious part of our minds (the dream world).

Famous Surrealist Artists/Paintings Salvador Dali Max Ernst Rene Magritte Joan Miro Salvador Dali – Inspiration in Many Forms Max Ernst - Célèbes or Elephant Célèbes

Abstract Expressionism (1940s-1950s) Originated in America (New York City) Emphasis on subconscious mind (like Surrealism), but also emphasized spontaneity. Rejection of shape in order to create freedom and emotion. Although criticized for lack of effort/planning, careful planning went into most paintings.

Famous Abstract Expressionist Painters/Paintings Jackson Pollock Mark Rothko Helen Frankenthaler Willem de Kooning Philip Guston Jackson Pollock - Convergence Dirty Grapes – Mark Rothko

Pop Art (1960s) Originated in Britain in the mid 50s and in the U.S. in the late 50s. Challenged the art world by including material that was used in pop culture  Advertising  News  Comic Book Characters  Popular Icons/Famous People Aim was to use found, common, or popular material instead of elitist material of the art world. Pop art aimed to be popular, low cost, mass produced, young, witty, sexy, gimmicky, glamorous, and very commercial.

Famous Pop Artists/Paintings Andy Warhol Roy Lichtenstein Keith Haring Jasper Johns Jean-Michel Basquiat David Hockney

Famous Pop Artists/Paintings (cont.) Andy Warhol– from his collection Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat Collaborative – Op Op Roy LichtensteinRoy Lichtenstein's Drowning GirlDrowning Girl

Post Modernism (1970-Present) “Modern art” is Romanticism through Pop Art, Post Modern Art seeks to contradict Modern Art. New forms of art have been developed:  Multimedia: using different media to present art (video, photography, sound, technology, etc.)  Installation Art: 3-D art or objects used in art  Conceptual Art: Ideas presented are more important than the beauty of the art.  Performance Art: Art that uses living people to create its art.

Multimedia Installation Art Types of Post-Modern Art

Conceptual Art Performance Art Types of Post-Modern Art (cont.)