2. Humanism  Literature/social- purpose was education to better the people in order for them to becomebetter citizens.  Art- elevate the human with heavy Greco- roman/classical influence  Introduced secular ideas into the heavily Christian oriented society of Europe  Glorified man as the perfect being  Ideas and art that powered the Renaissance  Erasmus, Petrarch Erasmus

3. Leonardo da Vinci is a great example of Humanist influence because of his work in several different areas of knowledge as well as producing a lot of artwork that depicts a classical setting

4. Realism  19 th century  Everyday subjects- still lives, simple people  Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans- first Realist painting of movement

5. Naturalism  19 th Century  Realistic, Natural setting  Reaction to Rococo because it was honest people in natural settings  Darwinian approach to life/nature  Humanity versus Nature- Nature reigns supreme  Albert Charpin- Sheep paintings

6. Romanticism  Caspar David Friedrich, Wanderer above the Sea of Fog- Most famous art example  Late 18 th century  Reaction to Enlightenment and Industrialism  Key descriptors- sublime, visually aesthetic  Art/literature as a single person’s work/genius- idea developed in this era  Beethoven as Romantic composer  In literature, spin-off movement-Gothic

7. Impressionism  19 th century  Name from Monet painting “Impression, soleil levant” that received heavy criticism  Originated in France  Painters depicted lighting, not actual colors or shapes, left thin but visible brushstrokes, allowed sometimes for the base lines to show through the paint (all of the above making the paintings seem unfinished) to depict ordinary scenes from sometimes unusual angles  Paul Cézanne, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir

8. Post Impressionism  Extension of Impressionism without its limitations Freer, broader styles from Van Gogh’s heavy brushstrokes to Seurat's pointillism  Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Henri Rousseau, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec